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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organic
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molecules that consist primarily of hydrogen and carbon atoms
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carbons improtance
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versatile bonding behavior, can form covalent bonds with 4 other atoms
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hydroxyl
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polar, in amino acids sugars and alchohols
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methyl
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nonpolar in fatty acids and some amino acids
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carbonyl
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polar and reactive in amino acids sugars and nucleotides
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carboxyl
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acidic found in amino acids fatty acids and carbohydrates
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amine
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basic found in amino acids som nucleotide bases
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phosphate
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high energy polar found in nucleotides dna and rna many proteins and phospholipids
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sulfhydryl
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forms disulfide bridges found in cysteine (an amino acid)
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functional group
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a cluster of atoms covalently bonded to a carbon atom of an organic molecule
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condensation
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2 molecules covalently bond into a largerone
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cleavage
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a molecule splits into two smaller ones. example is hydrolysis
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functional group transfer
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a functional group is transferred from one molecule to another
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electron transfer
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electrons are transferred from one molecule to another
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rearrangement
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juggling of covalent bonds converts one organic compound into another
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monoccharides
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have 5 carbon atoms are part of DNA & RNA
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glucose
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has 6 carbons and is part of DNA & RNA
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what do cells use glucose for?
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an energy source or as a structural material also as a precursor or parent molecule
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fats
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lipids with 1 2 or 3 fatty acids that dangle like tails from a small alcohol called glycerol
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triglycerides
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fats with three fatty acid tails linked to the glycerol
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phospholipida
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polar head with a phosphate in it and 2 nonpolar fatty acid tails the most abundant lipids in cell membranes
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all hydrophilic tails have what in comon?
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they are all sandwhiched between the heads.
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waxws
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are complex varying mixtures of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings
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steroids
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lipids with a ridgid back bone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails they differ in the type number and position of functional groups
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what contains steroids?
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eukaryotic cell membranes
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phospholipida
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polar head with a phosphate in it and 2 nonpolar fatty acid tails the most abundant lipids in cell membranes
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all hydrophilic tails have what in comon?
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they are all sandwhiched between the heads.
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waxws
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are complex varying mixtures of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings
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steroids
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lipids with a ridgid back bone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails they differ in the type number and position of functional groups
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what contains steroids?
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eukaryotic cell membranes
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phospholipida
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polar head with a phosphate in it and 2 nonpolar fatty acid tails the most abundant lipids in cell membranes
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all hydrophilic tails have what in comon?
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they are all sandwhiched between the heads.
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waxws
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are complex varying mixtures of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings
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steroids
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lipids with a ridgid back bone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails they differ in the type number and position of functional groups
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what contains steroids?
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eukaryotic cell membranes
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what is the most comon steroid in animal tissues?
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cholesterol
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cholesterol
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is remodeled into many molecules such as bile salts and vitamin D
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what is derived from cholesterol?
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hormones estrogens testosterone and hormones that govern reproduction and seccondary sexual traits
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