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19 Cards in this Set

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what does an enzyme do?
catalyzes, lowers activation energy, of chemical reactions so more of them can and will take place
metabolism of a cell
the sum total of all chemical reactions a cell needs to survive, live, and grow
catabolic pathways
break down food into smaller molecules, and generating useful free energy
anabolic pathways
use energy to form molecules that the cell needs
second law of thermodynamics
universal tendency of things to become disordered
entropy
measure of a systems order. greater entropy, greater disorder
cellular respiration
cells obtain energy by oxidizing sugars
oxidation/reduction
oxidation: addition of oxygen, or a reaction where electrons are removed
reduction: addition of electrons
substrates
molecules that bind to enzymes
free energy symbol
G
∆G°
standard free energy change: independent of concentrations, depends only on intrinsic characters based on their behaviors under ideal circumstances where reactants are set to the same fixe value of 1 mole/liter
equilibrium
rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, no further net change in concentrations
equilibrium constant
Keq=
[concentration AB]/[concentration A][concentration B]
diffusion
molecules are in constant motion due to heat energy and will consequently explore the space inside the cell very efficiently
Km
concentration of substrate at which the enzyme works at half its max speed (.5Vmax)
activated carriers
store energy in an easily exchangeable form- ATP
coupled reaction
energetically favorable reaction is used to drive an energetically unfavorable one
NADH and NADPH
electron carriers, also activated carriers
T/F: some enzyme catalyzed reactions cease completely if their enzyme is not present
False. the enzyme enhances the rate of reactions and without it the rate would drop to a minuscule amount but wouldn't completely stop