Biology II Mid-Term Review

-The system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide
-starts with the nasal cavity and goes through to the alveoli
-4 general disease types: obstructive, restrictive, vascular, infectious and environment.

-A band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human body that has the ability to move and contract
-3 Types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth, smooth and cardiac are involuntary while skeletal is voluntary
-Efferent leg conveys commands and Afferent leg conveys sensory information

-Supports fleshy structures, protects vital organs, contains bone marrow, reservoir of calcium and phosphate, connective tissue
-3 Bone cells: osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts
-4 shapes: long, short, flat, and irregular

-3 Basic shapes: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
-Epithelium is used for covering
-Simple is another term for single layer, stratified is multilayered, pseudostratified looks stratified but its really simple

-Fibers that transmit impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord
-2 groups of nerves: Sensory which conduct sensory information and Motor which conduct signals to muscles
-The axon carries the nerve impulses away from the body of the cell

-3 Major compnents: protein fibers, fluid, and ground substances
-3 Types of protein fibers: collagen reticluar and elastic
-4 Types of connective tissue: fat, blood, cartilage, bone

-Consists of eryrthrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
-Cells are suspended in plasma which is composed of proteins,nutrients, waste, hormones, and electrolytes
-5 types of leukocytes: neutophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

-A cell is a microscopic structure that contains nuclear and cytoplasmic material enclosed in a membrane
-The cell is the small level of organization in the body: cell, tissue, organelle, organ, body
-Plant cells have a cell wall which provides extra support outside the membrane