Biology Midterm Part 5

The ___________ proposes that meiosis causes the patterns of inheritance that Mendel observed

_____ is the branch of biology that focuses on inheritance

______ is the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring

A _____ is any characteristic of an individual

Why did Mendel use the common garden pea

Peas normally pollinate themselves, a process called

Mendel could prevent this by removing the male reproductive organs containing ____ from each flower

He then used his pollen to fertilize the female reproductive organs of flowers on different plants, thus performing ______

Mendel worked with pea varieties that differed in seven easily recognizable traits

An individual's observable features comprise its _____.

Mendel worked with _______ that produced identical offspring when self pollinated

He used these plants to crate _____, which are the offspring of parents of two different strains, populations or species

Mendel first experimented with crossing plants that differed in only a single trait - round versus wrinkled seeds - a ______ cross

The adult generation is called the _____, the offspring are called ______

Mendel called the genetic determinant for wrinkled seeds _______ and the determinant for round seeds _______

The alleles found in an individual are called its

An individual's genotype has a profound effect on its _______ (its physical traits)

Mendel repeated the experiments with each of the other traits . In each case, the dominant trait was present in a ____ ratio over the recessive trait in the F2 generation

Mendel performed a ______, in which the mother's phenotype in the first cross is the father's phenotype in the second cross, and the father's phenotype in the first cross is the mother's phenotype in the second cross

Mendel proposed that each individual has two versions of each gene. Today these different versions of a gene are called _____

Based on his experiments, Mendel developed the ___________: the two members of each gene must segregate (separate) into different gamete cells during the formation of the egg and sperm in the parents

Mendel used a letter to indicate the gene for a particular trait. He used ________ to show a dominant allele and _____ for a recessive allele

Individuals have two alleles of each gene

Individuals with two copies of the same allele (RR or rr) for a gene are said to be ______

Those with different alleles (Rr) are ______

Pure-line individuals always produce offspring with the same phenotype because they are _______

A mating between two pure lines that differ in one trait (RR and rr) results in offspring that all have a ______ genotype and a dominant phenotype

A _____ is now used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring from a cross

The crosses that differ in one trait are

Mendel used _______ - matings between parents that are both heterozygous for two traits - to determine whether the principle of segregation holds true if parents differ in more than one trait

The Punnett square that results from a dihybrid cross predicts

- There should be 9 different offspring genotypes a 4 phenotypes

- The four phenotypes should be present in a ration of

Based on the data, Mendel accepted the hypothesis that alleles of different genes are transmitted independent of one another in the production of gametes. This result became known as the principle of _______

In a ______, a parent that is homozygous recessive for a particular trait is mated with a parent that has the dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype