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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Refraction in the eye can be caused by two distinct structures
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Cornea
Lens |
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What is the term for the lens changing shape to focus?
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accommodation
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The contraction of ______ muscle causes the lens to change shape
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ciliary muscle
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Contraction of the ciliary muscle relieves the tension on the _________ fibre, allowing the lens to become rounder due to its natural elasticity
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zonule
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What is the term for 'normal' eyes?
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emmetropic
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(Hyperopia/Myopia) is farsightedness
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Hyperopia
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(Hyperopia/Myopia) is nearsightedness
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Myopia
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A convex len is placed in front of the eye to allow refraction of near objects (Hyperopia/Myopia)
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Hyperopia
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A concave len is placed in front of the eye to allow refraction of near objects (Hyperopia/Myopia)
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Myopia
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What is the term for corrective laser surgery?
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photorefractive keratectomy
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Horizontal, bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells do the _________ before sending the visual information through the optic nerve
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pre-processing
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What are the 2 types of retinal neuron?
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bipolar
horizontal |
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_____ cells create the direct pathway from photoreceptors to ganglion cells
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bipolar
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______ cells feed information laterally in the outer plexiform layer to influence neighbouring cells
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horizontal
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Sound is actually a series of changes in _____
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air pressure
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The ______ and ______ (external parts of the ear) focus the sound into the external auditory meatus
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concha
pina |
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The _____ _________ selectively amplifies sound in the 2 - 5 Hz range by 30 - 100 fold
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auditory meatus
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As sound passes through the auditory meatus it hits the ___________ membrane
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tympanic
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The cochlea is the point of ________ where the pressure waves are turned into nerve singals
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integration
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Where are the inner hair cells situated?
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scala media
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When the stereocilia are disturbed we get ____________ transduction
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mechanoelectrical
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The _________ of the scala media is high in K+ and as a result opening of the channel causes the cell to depolarise
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endolymph
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Depolarisation of the endolymph results in the opening of voltage gated ____ channels which then transmit the signal in neurotransmitter release
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Ca2+
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The auditory complex is located on the ______ ________ ______ in the temporal lobe of the brain
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superior temporal gyrus
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What are the 3 senses associated with the nose and mouth?
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olfactory
gustatory trigeminal |
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Odorants interact with ______ _____ ______
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olfactory receptor neurons
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Where are olfactory receptor neurons located?
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in the olfactory epithelium
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signals from the olfactory epithelium is sent to the ________ cortex in the temporal lobe
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pyriform cortex
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Odorant molecule activates a _______ to create activation of adenyl cyclase III
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G-protein
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The active adenyl cyclase III causes activation of _______ channel
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Na+/Ca2+
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what are the 4 olfactory bulb target?
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Pyriform cortex
Olfactory tubercle Amygdala Entortinal cortex |
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Pyriform cortex, Olfactory tubercle, Amygdala, Entortinal cortex all targets which 3 organs?
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Oribitofrontal cortex
Thalamus Hypothalamus |
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(Pyriform cortex/Olfactory tubercle
Amygdala/Entortinal cortex) only targets the orbitofrontal cortex |
pyriform cortex
|
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(Pyriform cortex/Olfactory tubercle
Amygdala/Entortinal cortex) only targets the hippocampal formation |
entortinal cortex
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What are the 5 taste
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Bitter
Sour Sweet Salty Unami |
