Biology Quiz 2 part 3

What are autotrophs
heterotrophs

What is photosynthesis

Photosynthesis contrasts with cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis is ______. it reduces CO2 to sugar

Cellular respiration is ______. it oxidizes sugar to CO2

Photosynthesis consists of two linked sets of reactions ________ produce O2 from H2O, and ________ produce sugar from CO2

The reactions are linked by electrons, which are released in the ________ when water is split to form oxygen gas and then transferred to the electron carrier NADP+, forming NADPH

The ________ then uses these electrons and the potential energy in ATP to reduce CO2 to make sugars

Photosynthesis occurs in the ______

the internal membranes of chloroplasts form flattened, vesicle like structures called ______; some form ___ stacks

Thylakoid membranes contain large quantities of pigments. The most common pigment is ______

The fluid-filled space between the thylakoids and the inner membrane is the ___

Sunlight is ________, which is a form of energy

________ is a type of energy electromagnetic radiation that acts both particle-like and wave-like

As a particle, light exists in discrete packets called _____

As a wave, light can be characterized by its ______, which is the distance between two successive waves

The _________ is the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

______ wavelengths such as ultraviolet light and blue light have _____ energy then _____ wavelengths such as red and infrared light

Photons are _______, _______ or ______ when striking an object

______ are molecule that absorb only certain wavelengths

What are the two main classes of pigments in plants called

The Chlorophyll absorbs _____ and ____ light and reflects and transmits ____ light

The Cartoenoids absorb _____ and ______ light and reflect and transmit ____,_____ and ____ light

Biologists use a graph called an ________ to study pigments

An _____ is a measure of the rate of photosynthesis vs. wavelength

Pigments that absorb _____ and ______ photons are the most effective at driving photosynthesis

Carotenoids are ______ pigments. They absorb light and then pass the energy on to chlorophyll

Carotenoids in plants are classified into two groups

Chlorophyll __ and ___ are similar in structure and absorption spectra

Chlorophylls have a long "tail" made of _______ subunits and a "head" consisting of a large ____ structure with a magnesium atom in the middle

When a photon strikes chlorophyll, its energy can be transferred to an electron in the chlorophyll _____

____ photons raise electrons to a state of 1 from an unexcited state of 0

Higher-energy _____ photons raise electrons to state 2 from an unexcited state 0

_____ photons are of an intermediate energy level and are typically not absorbed by chlorophyll

Sometimes the excited electron just falls back to its ground state after the photon has been absorbed. some of the absorbed energy is released as heat and the rest as electromagnetic radiation (light). this is called

Chlorophyll molecules work together in groups, forming a complex of 200-300 molecules and accessory pigments, along with associated proteins that capture and process excited electrons, called a

a photosystem consists of: ______ and a ______, as well as proteins that capture and process electrons

A photosystem consists of an _______ and a _______, as well as proteins that capture and process excited electrons

The _______ is composed of accessory pigment molecules

When a red or blue photon strikes a pigment molecule in the antenna complex, the energy is absorbed and an electron excited. This energy (but not the electron itself) is passed on to another chlorophyll molecule, exiting another electron. This phenomenon is called

Energy is transferred inside the antenna complex, from on molecule to the next, until it reaches the

At the reaction center, excited electrons are transferred to a specialized chlorophyll molecule that acts as an ______

When this electron receptor becomes reduced,(redox reaction) the ______ energy is transformed to _____ energy

Excited electrons in chloroplasts may do one of three thing
Drop back down to a low energy state causing _________
Excite an electron in a nearby pigment, inducing _______
Be transferred to an electron acceptor in a ________