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38 Cards in this Set

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What are the three planes?
sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse (axial)
Which motions occur in the sagittal plane?
flexion and extension.
Which motions occur in the frontal plane?
right lateral flexion and left lateral flexion.
Which motion occurs in the transverse (axial) plane?
rotation
What is the name of the x axis? What plane does movement around the x-axis occur?
coronal axis and movement around this axis occurs in the sagittal plane.
What is the name of the y-axis? What plane does movement around the y-axis occur?
vertical or longitudinal axis and movement occurs in the axial or transverse plane.
What is the name of the z-axis? What plane does movement around the z-axis occur?
sagittal axis and movement occurs in the frontal plane.
What does one degree of freedom mean?
translation or rotation about one axis.
How many degrees of freedom does the spine have?
six. 3 translations and 3 rotations.
What are the 3 translations of the spine?
lateral flexion, stretch lengthwise and flexion/extension.
What is the definition of the Instantaneous Axis of Rotation?
when a rigid body moves in a plane, at every instant, there is a point in the body or hypothetical that does not move.
What is the instantaneous axis of rotation for a motion at one instant?
an axis perpendicular to the plane of motion and passing through that point.
What is a motion segment?
the functional unit of the spine.
What is the motion segment of the spine?
two adjacent vertebrae and their interconnecting disc, joints, capsule and ligaments.
How many degrees of freedom are there in the spinal motion segment?
6: 2 facet joints provide 4 degrees of freedom plus 2 from each side of the disc surface.
Which ligaments are part of the anterior spinal motion segment ?
Anterior longitudinal ligament, intervertebral dsic and the intertransverse ligament.
Which ligaments are part of the posterior spinal motion segment ?
capsular, interspinous, posterior longitudinal
What are the parts of the zygopophyseal joint?
Superior and inferior articular processes, the superior articular facets, articular cartilage, the joint space of the zygopophyseal joint and the capsule of the joint. transverse processes and spinous processes?
What is the definition of coupled motion?
the consistent association of one motion (translation or rotation) about one axis with another motion about a second axis.
What is the loose-packed joint position?
articulating surfaces are maximally separated.
What position is necessary for traction or joint mobilization?
loose-packed: halfway between flexion and tension.
The facet joint is in the close-packed position when it is doing what motion?
extension.
How many vertebrae are there total and in each segment?
33. 4 in coccyx, sacrum 5, lumbar 5, thoracic 12 and cervical 7.
What are the major curves of the spine?
kyphosis and lordosis.
The most flex-ext occurs in which regions
cervicals and lumbars.
regional rotation occurs primarily in which regions?
cervicals and thoracic.
The condyles of the occiput are shaped concave or convex?
convex. They face lateral and inferiorly adn articulate with the superior convave surface of C1.
The C0-C1 in flexion and extension the occiput glides _ and rolls_.
posteriorly, anteriorly
In lateral flexion the occiput rolls on which side as the flexion?
same side.
Rotation of C0-C1 is limited by what ligament?
the alar ligament on the side opposite of rotation.
The planes of C1 and C2 are mostly in which orientation?
horizontal.
Which ligament holds the odontoid in place?
the transverse ligament/
The odontoid and the anterior arch of the atlas (C1) is which type of joint?
synovial.
The alar ligament is located between
the occiput and the odontoid.
In flexion, C1 glides
posteriorly
T or F : C1 glides on the same side as lateral flexion.
T
T or F C1-C2 rotation arrounts for half of cervical rotation.
T it accounts for 25 degrees out of a total of 40 for each side
Which structure goes through the transverse foramen?
the vertebral artery.