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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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emotional "expression"
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outward signs of emotion that may be percieved by others
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emotional "experience"
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inward aspect of emotion that we describe as "feelings"
this is one of the primary motivators of human behavior |
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What are three components of emotional expression?
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1. Behavioral
2. Autonomic (ANS) 3. Hormonal |
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Common Sense Theory of Emotion
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1. you perceive bear
2. you feel fear 3. physiological reaction (cry) emotional experience CAUSES emotional expression |
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James Lange Theory
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1. perceive bear
2. physiological reaction (cry) 3. feel fear emotional EXPRESSION causes emotional EXPERIENCE |
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Cannon Bard Theory
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1. perceive bear
2. feel fear & have a physiological reaction (cry) emotional expression and emotional experience are parallel processes with no casual relationship |
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What theory supports spinal cord injury patients?
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The James Lange Theory
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What system is the basis for emotion?
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The Limbic System
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What part of the brain controls the output of the autonomic nervous system?
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The Hypothalamus
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What did Sham Rage prove?
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That the hypothalamus is important for aggression and is normally inhibited by the cortex.
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What part of the brain was removed from the cats? (Sham Rage)
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Cerebral cortex
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What information does the amygdala receive and project?
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Receives all forms of sensory information from...
primary sensory cortex association cortex & thalamus Projects to the Hypothalamus & medulla which control all forms of Emotional Expression |
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What happens to ANIMALS if there is a lesion in the amygdala?
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reduced emotional response
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What happens to ANIMALS if you stimulate the amygdala?
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stress induced illness occurs (ulcers)
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What happens to humans who have electrical stimulation of amygdala?
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unpleasant feeling, uncomfortable emotions, fear & anxiety
*stimulation of hypothalamus caused the same autonomic system response with none of the same "feelings"* |
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What happens when people view threatening words?
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stimulation of AMYGDALA
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What are the effects of stimulation of SEPTUM on humans and animals?
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animals - will choose this over other areas
humans- pleasurable emotions * dramatic change in thought process of depressed patients |
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What happens to the memory of patients with Amygdala Damage?
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Causes patients to have normal memory WITHOUT extra attention to emotional stimuli.
*amygdala stores memory with emotional content* |
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How do we perceive emotional stimuli?
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Almost all of the cortex is involved but orbitofrontal cortex is the most important.
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What happens when there is damage to the orbitofrontal cortex?
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reduced inhibitions
indifferent to consequences (BADASS) experience pain but emotional response gone |
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What is stressful about psychological stress?
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1. lack of control
2. lack of predictability 3. outlets for frusteration |
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Lack of control experiment in rats
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when the rats had NO CONTROL over the intermittent electric shock that had a large increase in glucocorticoids and developed ulcers
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Lack of Predictability
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when there were no signals telling the rat when the shock was going to come there was a greater increase in glucocorticoids
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Outlets for Frustration
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When the rats had the ability to gnaw on food or attack another rat they showed less of an increase in glucocorticoids than the rats who had nothing
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What effects does stress have on the brain?
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-dendrites in the hippocampus are shorter and have less branching
-rates of adult neurogenesis reduced |
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*anecdotal evidence for stresses effect on the brain?
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-reduced volume of hippocampus in vietnam vets with PTSD as well as women with childabuse
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