BISC 130 Interior of the Skull/Infratemporal Region IV Flash Cards

Play Memory | Create Card File | Append to Card File
Title: BISC 130 Interior of the Skull/Infratemporal Region IV
Description: Flashcards for final exam
Number of Cards: 59
Save Count: 0
Author: Rider1557
Created: 2007-12-05
Tags: bisc
Private No

Save Count represents the number of people who have saved this card set to their flashcard list. Consider this an endorsement!

    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • What are the anterior, middle, and posterior borders of the cranial fossa?
    • Anterior: vertical portion of frontal bone to lesser wing of the sphenoid
      Middle: Lesser wings of sphenoid to dorsum sellae and petrous ridge
      Posterior: Dorsum sellae and petrous ridge to occipital bone
    • What is the calvaria?
    • The top of the skull; skullcap
    • The interior of the skull in covered in __________.
    • Dura mater
    • What is found in the anterior portion of the cranial fossa?
    • 1. Frontal lobes of the brain
      2. Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone: attaches to dura mater with cristagalie and allows innervation of olfactory mucosa
    • True or false: All of the following structures are found in the middle portion of the cranial fossa:
      1. Sella turcica
      2. Superior orbital fissure
      3. Hypoglossal canal
      4. Foramen rotundum
      5. Foramen ovale
      6. Foramen spinosum
      7. Foramen lacerum
    • False; the hypoglossal canal is found in the posterior portion
    • The sella turcica is completely lined with dura mater except for where the _________ exits.
    • Pituitary stalk
    • What is transmitted through the superior orbital fissure?
    • CN 3, 4, and 6 (to the orbit) and the opthalmic branch of CN 5
    • What is transmitted through the foramen spinosum?
    • The middle meningeal artery (supplies dura mater)
    • What does the middle meningeal artery branch from?
    • The maxillary artery
    • What structures transmit the branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5) in the middle portion of the cranial fossa?
    • 1. Superior orbital fossa: transmits opthalmic branch of CN 5
      2. Foramen rotundum: transmits maxillary branch of CN 5
      3. Foramen ovale: transmits mandibular branch of CN 5
    • True or false: The internal carotid artery is transmitted through the foramen lacerum.
    • False; the foramen is covered in fibrocartilage; the internal carotid artery sits on the superior aspect and goes to the base of the brain.
    • What four structures are located in the posterior portion of the cranial fossa?
    • 1. Foreman magnum (medulla, spinal cord, vertebral arteries, CN 11)
      2. Internal acoustic meatus (CN 7 and 8 enter skull)
      3. Hypoglossal canal (CN 12 - hypoglossal nerve)
      4. Jugular foramen (internal jugular vein, CN 4, 5, 6 leave skull)
    • Where does CN 7 exit the skull?
    • Via the stylomastoid foramen
    • What supplies all brain tissue with oxygenated blood?
    • Circle of Willis
    • Where do aneurysms and/or CVAs in the brain usually occur?
    • In the Circle of Willis
    • What are the four major arteries that make up the circle of Willis (2 pairs)?
    • Internal carotids and vertebrals
    • What do the following branches of the Circle of Willis supply:
      1. Ophthalmic
      2. Anterior cerebral
      3. Middle cerebral
      4. Basilar
    • 1. Ophthalmic: the orbit
      2. Ant. cerebral: frontal lobes, than post. to med. aspect of hemispheres
      3. Middle cerebral: lat. extent of hemispheres; primarily parietal and temporal lobes
      4. Basilar: the pons
    • What do the anterior and posterior communicating arteries do?
    • 1. Anterior communicating artery connects the ant. cerebral arteries
      2. Posterior communicating artery connects the internal carotid to the post. cerebral artery
    • What are the PICA and AICA arteries? What do they supply?
    • PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery: supplies cerebellum and medulla
      AICA: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery: supplies cerebellum and some of the pons
    • True or false: The superior cerebellar artery supplies the cerebellum and the posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobes.
    • True
    • What is the anterior spinal artery?
    • A union of two vertebral branches that runs anterior along the upper spinal cord and medulla
    • What are the cavernous sinuses?
    • Paired sinuses that drain the orbit and deep brain
    • What are the five unpaired sinuses in the brain?
    • 1. Superior sagittal sinus
      2. Inferior sagittal sinus
      3. Great vein of Galen
      4. Straight sinus
      5. Confluens of sinuses
    • Where do the sinuses come together?
    • Confluens of sinuses
    • What does the great vein of Galens do?
    • Drains the deep structures of the brain
    • What two sinuses run between the dura mater, along the faux cerebrae?
    • Superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
    • What are the four paired sinuses (besides the cavernous sinuses) in the brain?
    • 1. Transverse sinus
      2. Superior petrosal sinus
      3. Sigmoid sinus
      4. Jugular vein
    • What sinus empties into the transverse sinus? What drains the transverse sinus?
    • Superior petrosal sinus empties into the transverse and the sigmoid sinus drains it
    • What does the jugular vein eventually turn into?
    • The internal jugular
    • Where is the faux cerebrae located?
    • It is the dura mater between the two hemispheres
    • What is an aneurysm?
    • Swelling of an artery that can rupture and cause blood to leak into the brain tissue. The accumulating blood can then compress brain tissues and cause damage or death.
    • What are fontanelles?
    • Regions in a infant skull that are just cartilage, very vunerable to blunt trauma
    • What are the three sutures that closes the fontanelles?
    • Saggital, coronal, and lambdoid sutures
    • What are the boundaries of the infratemporal region?
    • Superior: skull base
      Lateral: ramus of mandible
      Medial: pharynx
      Inferior: blends into submandibular region
    • What are the contents of the infratemporal region?
    • 1. Temporomandibular joint
      2. Muscles of mastication
      3. Maxillary artery
      4. Mandibular branch of CN 5
    • What makes up the TMJ?
    • The mandibular fossa (ant. slope) of temporal bone and condyle of mandible; all surrounded by a capsule
    • What type of joint is the TMJ?
    • Ginglymoarthrodial (hinge and gliding)
    • What part of the joint is pressure-bearing?
    • Ant. slope of the fossa (articular eminence)
    • What is the significance of the upper and lower compartments separated by an articular disk?
    • Upper - gliding
      Lower - hinge
    • Anterior rotation opens/closes the cavity and posterior rotation opens/closes the cavity.
    • Opens;closes
    • What three ligaments are associated with the TMJ?
    • 1. Temporomandibular (lat)
      2. Stylomandibular
      3. Sphenomandibular
    • What is the purpose of the lateral ligament?
    • To prevent lat/post displacement of joint
    • What is the purpose of the stylomandibular ligament?
    • To prevent excessive protrusion of the mandible
    • What is the purpose of the sphenomandibular ligament?
    • To prevent excessive depression of the mandible
    • What problems can occur at the TMJ?
    • 1. Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis
      2. Tonic muscle contraction = pain
      3. Traumatic dislocation (typically anterior, often due to fracture)
    • What type of arthritis results in a wearing away of the condyles?
    • Osteoarthritis
    • What are the four muscles of mastication? What innervates them?
    • 1. Medial pterygoid
      2. Lateral pterygoid
      3. Temporalis
      4. Masseter

      *All innervated by mandibular nerve*
    • Medial pterygoid
    • Origin: Med. aspect of lat. pterygoid plate
      Insertion: Med. aspect of mandibular ramus
      Action: Elevate mandible
    • Lateral pterygoid
    • Origin: Sup. head from great wing of sphenoid; inf. head from lat. aspect of lat. pterygoid plate
      Insertion: Sup. head into articular capsule and disk; inf. head into condylar neck
      Action: Bilateral contraction: protrude mandible (pull condyles forward) and depress mandible; Unilateral contraction: lat. deviate mandible to opposite side
    • Temporalis
    • Origin: Temporal fossa
      Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
      Action: Elevate mandible; post. or horiz. fibers retract mandible
    • Masseter
    • Origin: Zygomatic arch
      Insertion: Lat. aspect of mandibular ramus and angle of mandible
      Action: Elevate mandible
    • Where does the maxillary artery branch from?
    • The external carotid artery
    • What does the mandibular branch supply?
    • The TMJ, ear, mandible, and lower teeth
    • What part of the maxillary artery does the middle meningeal artery branch from? What does it supply?
    • The mandibular branch; it supplies the meninges
    • What are the three regions of the maxillary artery?
    • Mandibular, muscular, and pterygopalatine
    • What is supplied by the pterygopalatine branch?
    • Central face (nose, palate, etc)
    • What nerves branch from the main trunk of the mandibular branch of CN 5?
    • Meningeal and nerves to the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
    • What nerves branch from the ant. division of the mandibular branch?
    • Medial pterygoid, masseteric, deep temporal, lat. pterygoid, and buccal nerves
    • What nerves branch from the post. division of the mandibular?
    • Auriculotemporal, lingual, inf. alveolar, mylohyoid, and mental nerves