Block Ii First Aid

prevent further injury, infection, and the loss of life. The fundamental elements of First Aid can be categorized into eight main areas.
Knowledge of these areas allows us to accomplish the three main objectives of
First Aid.

direct pressure,elevation, pressure points, and use of a tourniquet as a last resort.

A pressure point is a point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone. You can reduce or stop blood flow to areas of
the body by applying physical pressure to this point with the fingers or with the heel of the hand. There are 11 principal pressure points on each
Superficial temporal artery (temple)
Facial artery (jaw)
Common carotid artery (neck)
Subclavian artery (collar bone)
Brachial artery (inner upper arm)
Brachial artery (inner elbow)
Radial/Ulnar artery (wrist)
Femoral artery (upper thigh)
Iliac artery (groin)
Popliteal artery (knee)
Anterior/posterior tibial artery (ankle)
side of the body.

First, Second, and Third degree.

Produces redness, warmth and mild pain.

Causes red, blistered skin and severe pain.

Destroys tissue, skin and bone in severe cases, however
severe pain may be absent due to nerve endings being destroyed.

"closed/simple"or "open/compound";

is a broken bone without a break in the skin

has a break in the skin with possible bone protrusion.

when a person comes into contact with an electric energy source shock occurs; the wide variety of injuries that can result from an electrical
shock range from little or no evidence of injury to severe trauma with associated
cardiac arrest.

Indications of an airway obstruction are inability to talk, grasping and pointing to the throat, exaggerated breathing efforts, and the skin turning a bluish color.

Heat exhaustion. A serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs. The skin is cool, moist, and clammy and the pupils are dilated.
Body temperature may be normal or high; the victim is usually sweating
profusely.

Heat stroke. A very serious condition caused by a breakdown of the sweating
mechanism of the body. The victim is unable to eliminate excessive body heat buildup. Symptoms may include hot and/or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation, and a weak, rapid pulse.

Hypothermia, Superficial and Deep frostbite.

A general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low
or rapidly falling temperature, cold moisture, snow or ice. The victim may appear pale and unconscious, and may even be taken for dead. Breathing is slow and shallow, pulse faint or even undetectable. The body tissues feel semi-rigid, and the arms and legs may feel stiff.

Is when ice crystals are forming in the upper skin
layers after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.

Develops when ice crystals are forming in the deeper
tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.

The 5 types of shock are:

Results from bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins. Common causes of this are pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections
(such as a ruptured appendix) and meningitis.