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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood is a type of connective tissue - T or F?
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True
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What is the range of blood volume?
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4-6 L
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What is the range of pH of blood?
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7.35 - 7.45
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What is the temperature of blood?
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38oC or 100.4oF
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What makes up the majority of blood?
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Plasma
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The three main functions of blood are...
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Transport, Regulation, Protection
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What does blood transport?
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hormones, gases, nutrients....
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What does blood regulate?
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pH, body temp, water/ion balance...
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What does blood protect from?
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Blood loss, infection
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The percentage of erythrocytes (RBC) in blood is called a person's...
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hematocrit number
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Plasma is the ___ component of blood
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liquid
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Plasma is 90%...
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water
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water, proteins, albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen make up...
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plasma
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___ makes up the majority of plasma protiens
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albumin
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albumin is a type of....
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plasma protein
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what is the function of albumin?
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protein in plasma, maintains blood volume
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plasma proteins are produced by the...
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liver
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what is the function of globulins?
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protein in plasma, transports proteins and antibodies
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what is the function of fibrinogen?
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protein in plasma, clotting
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What are the non-protein solutes in plasma?
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nitrogenous wastes, electrolytes, respiratory gases, hormones, nutrients
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Do erythrocytes have a nucleus?
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no
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Do leukocytes have a nucleus?
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yes
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Do thrombocytes/platelets have a nucleus?
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no
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Another name of red blood cells is...
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erythrocytes
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erythrocytes are a "pouch" of
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hemoglobin
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There are more erythrocytes in the blood than leukocytes - T or F?
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True!
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What shape are erythrocytes?
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biconcave
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The fact that erythrocytes are biconcave increases ____ and ____.
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flexibility and surface area
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"Anucleate" means it...
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lacks a nucleus
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What is the function of a erythrocyte?
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OXYGEN and carbon dioxide transport
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The protein composing 97% of red blood cell volume is called...
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hemoglobin
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amino acid based portion of hemoglobin with 2 aplha chains and 2 beta chains
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globin
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pigment portion of hemoglobin
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heme
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What color is oxyhemoglobin? What does its formula look like?
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bright red. Hb(O2)
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What does deoxyhemoglobin's formula look like?
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Hb(-O2)
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What color is carbaminohemoglob in? What does its formula look like?
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dark red/blue. Hb(CO2)
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Blood cell production is called...
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erythropoiesis
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Blood cell formation is called...
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hematopoiesis
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Where does blood cell formation occur?
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In red bone marrow
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All blood cells arise from a common stem cell, a ____
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hemoblast
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Blood cells enter the blood stream as ____ where the later become mature RBCs
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reticulocytes
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Hormone that triggers RBC production
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erythropoietin (EPO)
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A cell that can divide into multiple different cell types
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stem cell
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low amino acids, lipids, carbs, iron, and Vit B can all effect the production of...
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erythrocytes/RBCs
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EPO is released from the...
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kidneys
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Lifespan of an erythrocyte
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100-120 days
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In order to breakdown RBCs, the are engulfed by ___ in the ____
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macrophages in the spleen
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When breaking down hemoglobin, heme is stored in the ____
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liver
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When being recycled, heme is attached to ___ and send to the ____.
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protein, bone marrow
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When being recycled, heme's pigment is turned into _____ and used in _____
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bilirubin, bile production
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Any condition leading to a lowered oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
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Anemia
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Lowered oxygen carrying capacity in the blood due to blood loss
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hemorrhagic anemia
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Lowered oxygen carrying capacity in the blood due to RBC rupture
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hemolytic anemia
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Lowered oxygen carrying capacity in the blood due to inability to build RBCs (can't store iron)
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iron-deficiency anemia
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Lowered oxygen carrying capacity in the blood due to a genetic mutation leading to malformed hemoglobin
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Sicke-cell anemia
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An abnormally high RBC count, resulting from bone marrow cancer or high elevations
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Polycythemia
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Another name for white blood cells is...
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Leukocytes
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Do leukocytes posses a true nucleus?
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YES
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What is the function of a leukocyte/WBC?
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immune responses
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ability of WBCs to exit capillaries and enter tissues by "squeezing" through
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Diapedesis
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Elevated WBC count, which is a sign of infection, is called...
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leuokocytosis
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The two categories of leukocytes/WBCs are...
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granulocytes and agranulocytes
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A white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules is called...
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granulocyte
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WBC without granules is called...
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agranulocyte
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The three types of granulocytes are...
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Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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The two types of agranulocytes are....
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lymphocytes and monocytes
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What is the order of types of WBCs/leuokcytes (based on percentage)?
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Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
(Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas!!) |
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Neutrophils absorb what color?
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Red and Blue (look purple)
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The count of neutrophils rise during...
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bacterial infection
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Function of neutrophils
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phagocytes of bacteria and fungus
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Who are the "first responders" to a site of inflammation?
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Neutrophils
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What kind of nucleus does a neutrophil have?
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Multi-lobed
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What do the granules in neutrophils contain, and what do they do?
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enzymes, break down bacteria/fungus
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Eosinophils absorb what color dye?
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Red
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The count of eosinophils rises during....
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parasitic infection ("worms")
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What type of nucleus does a eosinophil have?
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bi-lobed
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basophils absorb what color dye?
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blue
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The granules in basophils contain....
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histamine
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Basophils have what kind of nucleus?
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multi-lobed
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Lymphocytes are found in....
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lymphatic tissue
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What size are lymphocytes?
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Smallest of WBC
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What is the size of a lymphocyte's nucleus?
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Large nucleus!
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Many lymphocytes are located...
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outside vessels (spleen, lymph nodes, etc)
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The two types of lymphocytes are...
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t-cells and b-cells
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T-Cell lymphocytes target ____ cells and work ____ the cells
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virally infected, within
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B-Cell lymphocytes make ___ and work ____ the cells
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antibodies, outside
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Which type of WBC is the largest?
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Monocyte
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Which type of WBC is the smallest?
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Lymphocyte
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The production of WBCs is called...
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leuokopoiesis
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All blood cells arise from the ____
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hemocytoblast stem cell
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lymphoid cell line produces...
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only lymphocytes
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myeloid cell line produces...
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all WBC and RBC except lymphocytes
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Another name for platelets is...
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trombocytes
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Platelets are fragments of cells called...
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megakaryocytes
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The function of platelets
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Form a temporary plug in damaged blood vessel
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The stoppage of bleeding is called...
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hemostasis
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The three steps of hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding)
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Vascular Spasm, Platelet plug formation, coagulation
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Three steps to coagulation
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Prothrombin activator, thrombin formation, fibrin formation
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Intrinsic pathway in prothrombin activation is meant for ___ damage and its speed is ____.
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minor, slow
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Extrinsic pathway in prothrombin activation is meant for ___ damage and its speed is ____.
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major, faster (tissue factor)
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The tightening of a clot after damage
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clot retraction
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the breakdown/removal of a blood clot
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fibrinolysis
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Fibrinolysis, the breakdown of a blood clot, is performed by which enzyme?
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plasmin
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prevent overclotting by deactivating thrombin
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anticoagulants
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a blood clot in an undamaged vessel
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thrombus
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a blood clot floating freely in the bloodstream
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embolus
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a circulating clot that has blocked a vessel
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embolism
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hereditary condition, lack of certain procoagulants
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hemophilia
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low platelet levels
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thrombocytopenia
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the proteins on the RBC surfaces
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Agglutinogen
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antibodies specific to the agglutinogens not possessed by an individual
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Agglutinins
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the clumping of cells that occur when agglutinins bind to their specific agglutinogens
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agglutination
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Universal recpipient
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AB
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Universal Donor
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O
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when an Rh- mother’s immune system rejects the Rh+ blood of her fetus
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Erythroblastosis Fetalis
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