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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What will cause a False INCREASE in WBC? (4)
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unlysed/nucleated RBC
Platelet cumpling Monoclonal proteins, cryfibrinogen, cryoglobulin Heparin |
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What will casue a False DECREASE in WBC? (2)
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Smudge cell
Clotting Uremia + Immunosuppressant |
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50 year olds BM cellularity
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50%
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CD45 antigen
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Every leukocyte aka all of them
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CD 3, 5, 4, and 8
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T cell antigens
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CD 19, 21, 10, and 20
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B cell antigens
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CD 34
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Stem cell and progenitor cells
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Most common malignancy of childern and adolescents
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/lymphoma (ALL)
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Most common Adult leukemia
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
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Most common INDOLENT Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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Follicular Lymphoma
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Most common Non-Hodgkin lymphoma overall
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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
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Positive for TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase)
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (ALL)
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Smudge cells
CD 5 + CD 19 + CD 20 + |
Chromic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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BCL2 +
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Follicular Lymphoma
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What chromosome is involved in BCL2 gene? What lymphoma is this associated with?
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t(14;18)
Follicular Lymphoma |
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Spreads via Lymphomatoid polyposis
CD 5 + DI expressed |
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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What are the key features of Marginal Zone Lymphoma? (3)
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Found in tissues involved in inflammation/infection
Remains localized for long time Regress if you get rid of the agent |
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Huge B-cell that can fit about 4-5 other cells within it
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Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
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Immunodeficiency-associated Ig B-cell Lymphoma
Body Cavity Ig cell Lymphoma Are subtypes of what Lymphoma? |
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
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Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma subtype associated with:
T-cell immunodeficiency w/ Neoplastic B cells infected w/ Epstein-Barr virus |
Immunodeficiency-associated Ig B-cell Lymphoma
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Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma subtype associated with:
HIV or elderly patients w/ tumor cells associated with KSHV/HHV8 |
Body Cavity Ig cell Lymphoma (Primary effusion lymphoma)
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Burkitt Lymphoma
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Just know that it exists
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Maltoma: mucosa-associated-lymphoid-tumors
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Marginal Zone Lymphoma
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Which type of immature cell is most common in childern <3 and which is in Teenagers for ALL?
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< 3: Pre-B cells
Teenagers: Pre-T cells |
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Pre-T cells in ALL is associated with
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Mediastinal masses from the involvement of Thymus
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What makes the prognosis of ALL worse?
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< 2 years old
Presence in adulthood/teenager Periperheral blood > 100, 000 Phila Chromosome t(9;22) |
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Chromosome t(9:22)
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Phila chromosome
Acute Lympoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia |
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What is Leukocytosis?
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Increase in WBC
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What are the factors that affect peripheral leukocyte count? (4)
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Size of pool
Rate leaving pool Marginal pool Extravasation rate from blood to tissues |
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Leukocytosis casued by Inflammation
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Neutrophilic leukocytosis
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Drug toxicity most commonly causes what?
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Neutropenia (agranulocytosis)
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Systemic fungal infection, parasitic infection causes
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Eosinophilia
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Caused by recovery from neutropenia, TB
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Monocytosis
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Caused by chronic hemolytic anemia, Myeloproliferative disease
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Basophilia
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Define Lymphocytopenia
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Decrease in absolute lymphocytes
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Caused by Rheumatoid arthritis/lupus
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Plasmacytosis
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CD 4
HTLB-1 infection |
Adult T cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
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Most common Sx: Bone pain
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Multiple Myeloma
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Most common serum monoclonal protein found in Multiple Myeloma
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IgG
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Sx: plasma cell dyscrasia
but patient presents as Asx with low serum M protein |
MGUS
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Monoclonal protein found in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (hyperviscosity syndrome)
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IgM
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Rouleaux formation (due to Increasedd globin)
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Multiple Myeloma
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Lab: Increase Ig/Bence Jones Proteins (light chain) in blood and urine
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Multiple Myeloma
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EBV with hemophagocytic syndrome
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Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma
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ALK gene
Horseshoe nucleus |
Anaplastic Ig Cell Lymphoma
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Felty Syndrome
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Large Granular Leukemia/lymphoma
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Large Spleen Neutropenia |
Felty Syndrome
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CD 4
Skin lesions |
Mycosis Fungoides
Sezary Syndrome |
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Reed Sternberg Cell (owl eyes) with non-neoplastic background
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Hodgkin Lymphoma
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What is the avg age Hodgkin Lymphoma is seen?
What is used to give the prognosis? |
32 yrs old
Tumor Stage |
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Is the spread of Hodgkin Lymphoma predictable?
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YES!
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Spread pattern for Hodgkin Lymphoma
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Nodal dz
Splenic dz Liver dz Marrow involvement Extranodal dz |
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Lacunar cells within collagen is seen in which stage of Hodgkins Lymphoma
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Nodal dz
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CD 15 +
CD 30 + EBV -/+ |
Classical HL
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CD 15 -
CD 30 - EBV - |
Non-classical HL
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Lymphocyte predominance
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Non-classical HL
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Localized to single node group
HL or Non-HL |
HL
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Multiple nodes involved
HL or Non-HL |
Non-HL
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Orderly spread
HL or Non-HL |
HL
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Non-continous spread
HL or Non-HL |
Non-HL
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Rarely involves mesenteric nodes and Waldeyer ring
HL or Non-HL |
HL
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Commonly involves Waldeyer ring and mesenteric nodes
HL or Non-HL |
Non-HL
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Rarely presents as Extra-nodal
HL or Non-HL |
HL
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Commonly presents as Extra-nodal
HL or Non-HL |
Non-HL
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Myloperoxidase
CD 13, 33, 117 CD 14, 64 |
Myeloid Antigens
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Chromosome t(15;17)
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Patient with AML is at high risk for...
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DIC
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What are the Major feartues of AML? (3)
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M6 Acute erythroleukemia
> 50% erythroblasts > 20 % myleblasts in nonerythroids |
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Which major feature Dx AML?
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> 20% of myeloid blasts in bone marrow
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GPIIb/IIIa of vWF
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Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia
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Most common AML in Down Syndrome
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Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia
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Peripheral blood cytopenia with NO organ enlargement
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Myelodysplastic Syndrome
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Refractory anemia with Ringed Sideroblasts
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Classification of MDS
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5q- Syndrome is associated with what syndrome?
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Myelodysplastic Syndrome
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BCR-ABL Fusion
Philedelphia Chromosome |
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
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JAK2 point mutation (tyrosine kinase mutation)
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Polycythemia Vera
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Birbeck granules on EM
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Langerhan Cells
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What is a Thymoma?
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Tumors of thymic epithelial cells
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What is Thymic carcinoma?
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Tumors that are cytologically malignant
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