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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Father of Psychosexual theory
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Sigmund Freud:
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"Father" of Cognitive theory
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Jean Piaget:
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Father of Moral (Boys) theory
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Lawrence Kohlberg:
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Father of Moral (Girls) theory
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Carol Gilligan:
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Stages of Psychosexual theory
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1. Oral, Primitive Reflex, Survival
2. Anal, Neural Development of Sphincter Control 3. Phallic, Continued Development of Long Tracts 4. Latency, Motor & Cognitive Development 5. Adulthood, Refinement BASED ON DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROLOGY |
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What is the description of emotion?
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generalized responses
poor discrimination fast |
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What is the description of reason?
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individualized responses
fine discrimination slow |
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Steps of Jean piaget cognitive theory
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1. Sensorimotor-Birth-2 years, From reflexes, to exploration, to object recognition, differentiation
2. Preoperational 2-6 years, more vigorous exploration, language, object constancy, first sense of “self” 3. Concrete Operational 6-11 years, ability to quantify, classify, and grasp rules 4. Formal Operational Thought Past 11 years, abstract reasoning, increasing self reflection/self regulation. Appreciation for concepts of ideal vs. real |
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List the special features of DSM-IV
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Broad consensus based upon literature review, data analyses, & field trials
Discussion of cultural variation, description of Culture-Bound Syndromes, Outline for cultural formulation, RESEARCH FRIENDLINESS (repeated same diagnosis) |
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List the 5 DSM-IV Multiaxial assessments
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1. Clinical disorder
2. Personality disorders and mental retardation 3. general medical condition 4. psychosocial and environmental stressors 5. global assessment of functioning |
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Which DSM-IV stage is this:
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, panic disorder |
1. Clinical disorders
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What is the advantage of DSM-IV ?
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Mainly: diagnostic Reliability
also: clarified process of diagnosis and facilitated history-taking (ROS) Facilitated differential diagnosis Facilitates research |
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Disadvantages of DSM-IV
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Mainly: increased reliability might create false sense of certainty
May sacrafice Validity for reliability May facilitate clinicians to develop checklist mentality Limits/discourages reflection about “sub-threshold” cases |
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the DSM classification system is what kind?
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multiaxial
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what DSM type/axis is this?
Educational, occupational, economic problems. Problems related to legal system, support group, access health care system, housing. |
IV. Psychosocial and Environmental Stressors
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What DSM axis/types is this?
Diabetes, dementia |
Axis 3. General medical condition
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What is Jean Piaget Cognition step 4?
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4. Formal Operational Thought Past 11 years, abstract reasoning, increasing self reflection/self regulation. Appreciation for concepts of ideal vs. real
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What is Jean Piaget cognition step 2?
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2. Preoperational 2-6 years, more vigorous exploration, language, object constancy, first sense of “self”
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What is Jean Piaget cognition step 1?
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1. Sensorimotor-Birth-2 years, From reflexes, to exploration, to object recognition, differentiation
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What is Jean Piaget cognition step 3?
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3. Concrete Operational 6-11 years, ability to quantify, classify, and grasp rules
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What is Freud: Psychosexual step 3?
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3. Phallic, Continued Development of Long Tracts
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What is Freud: Psychosexual step 1?
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1. Oral, Primitive Reflex, Survival
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What is Freud: Psychosexual step 4?
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4. Latency, Motor & Cognitive Development
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What is Freud: Psychosexual step 2?
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2. Anal, Neural Development of Sphincter Control
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What is Freud: Psychosexual step 5?
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5. Adulthood, Refinement
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What is Erikson's psychosocial step 5?
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12 – 18 IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION: (Feelings of Personhood, Devotion, Fidelity)
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What is Erikson's psychosocial step 1?
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Birth –18mo. TRUST VS MISTRUST: (Positive sense of world, hope)
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What is Erikson's psychosocial step 3?
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3 – 5 INITIATIVE VS GUILT: (Feeling of Purpose)
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What is Erikson's psychosocial step 2?
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18 mo. – 3. AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT: (Willfulness & Beginning of Self Control, Rudimentary Sense of Courage)
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What is Erikson's psychosocial step 4?
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6 – 12 INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY: (Feeling of Competency
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What is Erikson's psychosocial step 6?
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18 – 35 INTIMACY VS ISOLATION: (Love, Positive Affiliations, Wide Network of Friendships)
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What is Erikson's psychosocial step 7?
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35 – 65 GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION: (Productivity & Universal Altruism)
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What is Erikson's psychosocial step 8?
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65 – Death INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR: (POSITIVE REFLECTIONS, SATISFACTION, WISDOM
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List the 5 stages of MORAL DELIBERATION
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THE ETHICS OF:
1. VIRTUE: ” 2. INTENT: 3. UTILITY: 4. RIGHTS 5. PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY |
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Father of virtue and main questions of this moral delibaration
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Aristotle, “The Golden Mean"
“What kind of person do I want to be?” Kind? Courageous? Generous? |
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Father of intent and main points of this moral delibaration
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Deontology
Kant, “Universalizability” “Find the Universal Good and Maximize It” It is your intent that counts |
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Father of utility and main points of this moral delibaration
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UTILITARIANISM
Bentham / Mill, “Maximize Pleasure / Happiness” Outcome is important not the intent |
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Father of Rights and main points of this moral delibaration
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Freedoms Self-Evident by Natural Law
The “Social Contract” that informs how we should treat each other. “Rights are our collective safety net below which we will not allow one another to fall.” (Bottom Up Ethics) John Locke, “Natural” Laws / Social Contract |
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Father of Personal responsibility and main points of this moral delibaration
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Existentialism, Sartre/Camus, Freedom/Choice
How does one maximize personal freedom and still be a responsive and responsible citizen of the world? “Life is precious, fragile, and short, choose wisely!” |
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Where does MORAL DELIBERATION OCCURS IN the brain?
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THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX
WITH ITS CONNECTIONS WITH THE HIPPOCAMPUS |
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Whom did
MORAL DEVELOPMENT theorist LAWRENCE KOHLBERG worked with? |
only boys
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What level is this in
MORAL DEVELOPMENT LAWRENCE KOHLBERG theory; 9-20yrs Gain Approval Avoid Disapproval Duty & Guilt |
2, CONVENTIONAL:
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What level is this in
MORAL DEVELOPMENT LAWRENCE KOHLBERG theory; Birth – 9 Avoid Punishment Gain Reward |
1. PRECONVENTIONAL:
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What level is this in
MORAL DEVELOPMENT LAWRENCE KOHLBERG theory; 20 yrs– (Maybe Never: Only 20% subjects demonstrate this stage) Social Contract Construction Universal Moral Standards, Nonviolence |
3. POST CONVENTIONAL:
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT by CAROL GILLIGAN
whom did she worked with? |
girls
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT by CAROL GILLIGAN
What type is this? Getting along, Personal & Individual Survival TRANSITION: Selfishness to Responsibility to Others |
1. Preconventional
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT by CAROL GILLIGAN
What type is this? Goodness, Rightness, Morality, Equals Self Sacrifice TRANSITION: Balance of Individual Goals & Needs |
2. Conventional
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT by CAROL GILLIGAN
What type is this? Attainment of Goals while Preserving Relationships Seeing all Sides, Nonviolence |
3. postconventional
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Cluster A consist what 3 kind of disorders?
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Paranoid
Schizoid Schizotypal |
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Cluster A generally discribe what type of behavior?
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Odd Eccentric
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Cluster B generally discribe what type of behavior?
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Dramatic-Emotional-Erratic
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Cluster C generally discribe what type of behavior?
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Anxious-Fearful
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Cluster C consist what 3 kind of disorders?
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Avoidant
Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive |
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Cluster B consist what 4 kind of disorders?
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Antisocial
Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic |
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What % of Americans have Personality Disorder (PD)?
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10-20%
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General Diagnostic Criteria for PD?
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Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior deviating markedly from cultural expectation
Inflexible and pervasive across person and social situations Clinically significant impairment in social and occupational functioning Stable, long duration, traceable to adolescence Not accounted for by another mental disorder Not due to direct physiologic effect of substance or general medical condition |
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Diagnose disease and state which cluster:
introverted to the point of pathology. NO friends and don’t want any friends. Don’t talk to anyone, don’t want to talk to anyone. Adolescence face you can see it. Daycare parallel play no interaction. Many times see human interactions annoying. Drifting to jobs where they can work by themselves. Can’t bring themselves to talk to somebody but want friends. |
Schizoid
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Schizoid PD is similar to what type of PD?
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Avoidant PD
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What cluster and what are ALL THE diseases belong to this cluster?
Pervasive pattern of violating social norms or the rights of others, criminal behavior, impulsive, excessive emotionality, grandiosity, or "acting out", tantrums. |
B
Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic |
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Which is the worst PD in Cluster B?
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Antisocial can cause extraordinary harm
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Which is the most difficult disorder to deal with in cluster B?
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Borderline
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What cluster and what diseases belong to this cluster?
Pervasive pattern of abnormal cognition, suspiciousness, self expression, or relating to others. |
A
Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal |
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What cluster and what diseases belong to this cluster?
Pervasive pattern of abnormal fears involving social relationships, separation, and need for control. |
C
Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive |
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Anti-social personality disorder occurs more frequently in ________
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men
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Borderline personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, and dependent personality disorder are more frequent in ____________
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women
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What disease and cluster?
Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be sued maliciously against him or her Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner |
A
Paranoid |
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What disease and cluster?Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family
Almost always chooses solitary activities Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity |
A
Schizoid |
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What disease and cluster?
Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference) Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or “sixth sense”) Unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions Odd thinking and speech Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation Inappropriate or constricted affect Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives |
A
Schizotypal |
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What disease and cluster?
Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults Reckless disregard for safety of self or others Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another |
B
antisocial |
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What disease and cluster?
Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating).Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days) Chronic feelings of emptiness Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights) Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms |
B
Borderline |
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What disease and cluster?
excessive emotionality and excitability, attention seeking, sexually provocative, overly concerned with appearance. |
B
Histrionic |
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What disease and cluster?
Is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of attention Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion Is suggestible, i.e., easily influenced by others or circumstances Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are |
B
Histrionic |
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What disease and cluster?
Grandiosity, sense of entitlement; lacks empathy and requires excessive admiration; often demands the “best” and reacts to criticism with rage. |
B
Narcissistic |
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What disease and cluster?
Has grandiose sense of self-importance Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people Requires excessive admiration Has a sense of entitlement Is interpersonally exploitative Lacks empathy Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes. |
B
Narcissistic |
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What disease and cluster?
Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact, because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations Is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others Is unusually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing |
C
avoidant |
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What disease and cluster?
Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval. Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care and support when a close relationship ends Is unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of himself or herself |
C
Dependent |
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What disease and cluster?
Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships Is overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values Is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value Is reluctant to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes Shows rigidity and stubbornness |
C
Obsessive-Compulsive PD |
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What disorder Marilyn Monroe had?
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Histrionic
B |
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Define Splitting:
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People viewed as all good or bad. No grey zone! Can switch opinion, sometimes idelizes the same person or devalues him/her.
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Define:
Egodystonic |
refers to thoughts and behaviors (e.g., dreams, impulses, compulsions, desires, etc.) that are in conflict, or dissonant, with the needs and goals of the ego, or, further, in conflict with a person's ideal self-image.
Ego Alien! Thing what they do is bother them and ask for help with their disorder. |
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Define:
Egosyntonic |
referring to behaviors, values, feelings that are in harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one's ideal self-image.
They have a disorder, but they don't see it, they blame everybody else. Everybody else should be the same as him/her. |
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List the Emotional Response you can have Toward the Patient
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Discomfort to dislike
Lack of empathy Need to rescue Relief at cancellation or no-show Distance or detachment Frustration |
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Define: Transference
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Pt feelings toward the dr, or others in "charge"
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Defien: Countertransference
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the dr's emotional rxn toward the pt.
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Define:
Conduct Disorder |
A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated,:
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List Conduct Disorder manifestations:
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manifested by the presence of three (or more) of the following criteria in the past 12 months, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months:
AGRESSION TO PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others Often initiates physical fights Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others Has been physically cruel to people Has been physically cruel to animals Has stolen while confronting a victim Has forced someone into sexual activity DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage Has deliberately destroyed others’ property (other than by fire setting) DECEITFULNESS OR THEFT Has broken into someone else’s house, building, or car Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations Has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim SERIOUS VIOLATIONS OF RULES Often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in parental or parental surrogate home Is often truant from school, beginning before age 13 years |
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ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER (APD) definition and requirements:
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There is a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15 years, as indicated by three (or more) of the following:
Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults Reckless disregard for safety of self or others Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another |
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Describe Interpersonal APD
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Glibness/superficial charm
Egocentricity/Grandiose sense of self-worth Pathological lying Conning/Manipulative |
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Describe Affective APD
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Lack of remorse or guilt
Callous/Lack of empathy Shallow affect Failure to accept responsibility for own actions |
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Describe Lifestyle of APD
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Need for stimulation/Proneness to boredom
Parasitic lifestyle Lack of realistic, long-term goals Impulsivity Irresponsibility |
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Describe ANTISOCIAL of APD
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Early behavior problems
Poor behavioral controls Juvenile delinquency Violation of conditional release Criminal versatility |
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List TRAITS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ANY FACTOR
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Promiscuous sexual behavior
Many short-term marital relationships |
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Define
reactive violence |
see somebody harm a child we take actions
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Instrumental violence
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paid killers, no emotions, "nothing personal"
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Define
reactive verbal threat |
say something w/o thinking because somebody made us mad
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Define
instrumental verbal threat |
"you better break into this car or else...."
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Dysfunctional fear hypothesis
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psychopathy is caused by an abnormally weak fear of punishment, which prevents normal moral socialization; the response modulation hypothesis suggests that psychopathy is caused by dysfunctions in the ability to attend to stimuli .
"I can do this because I don't experience fear." |
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NEURAL DIFFERENCES IN BRAINS OF PSYCHOPATHS
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“Weak”, unusual lateralization of language function
Frontal lobe dysfunction increasing aggression Trauma to frontal lobe |
