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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Residual volume
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air in lung after maximal expiration, cannot be measured on spirometry
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Expiratory reserve
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air that can still be breathed out after normal expiration
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Tidal volume
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air that moves into lung with each quiet inspiration, typically 500 mL
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Inspiratory reserve volume
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air in excess of tidal volume that moves into lung on maximum inspiration
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Vital capacity
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TV + IRV + ERV
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Functional residual capacity
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RV + ERV (volume in lungs after normal expiation)
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Inspiratory capacity:
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IRV + TV
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Total lung capacity
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IRV + TV + ERV + TV
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Physiologic dead space equation
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= VT x (PaCO2 - PeCO2) / PaCO2
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Physiologic dead space
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Anatomical dead space of conducting airways plus functional dead space in alveoli; apex of healthy lung is largest contributor of functional dead space.
Volume of inspired air that does not take part in gas exchange. |
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Substances that cause methemoglobinemia
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chloroquine, primaquine
dapsone sulfonamides LA metoclopramide nitrates |
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Differential diagnosis for eosinophilia
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Drugs
Neoplasms Allergy, asthma (Churg strauss) Addison's (adrenal insufficiency) AIN: Acute interstital nephritis Collagen vascular disease Parasites (Loeffler's eosinophilic pneumonitis due to Ascariasis lumbricoides) |
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Pulmonary vascular resistance equation
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= P(pulm A) = P(L atrium) / CO
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Alveolar gas equation (PA02)
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= 150 - PACO2/0.8
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V/Q mismatch at apex of lung
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3 (wasted ventilation due to dead space)
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V/Q mismatch at base of lung
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0.6 (wasted perfusion)
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V/Q mismatch in airway obstruction
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0 (due to shunt)
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V/Q mismatch in blood flow obstruction
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infinity (physiologic dead space)
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