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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most likely cause of limitations in ACTIVE ROM?
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muscle weakness or nerve damage
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What is the most likely cause of limitations in PASSIVE ROM?
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a contracted antagonist
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What is the effect of vibration?
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It stimulates terminal nerve branches
Short term stimulates Long term sedates |
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What are the stages of sensation in cryotherapy?
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CBAN
cold burning aching numbness |
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How long is ice applied in cryotherapy?
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Direct: 5 minutes at a time
Barrier: 15-20 minutes |
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What is the purpose of contrast bathing?
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to stimulate contraction/relaxation of capillaries to pump swelling from a joint
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What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
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Strain--involves muscles and/or tendons
Sprain--involves ligaments |
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What structure in the ankle is often injured in an inversion sprain?
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ATFL
anterior tibiofibular ligament |
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What are the grades of a Sprain?
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Grade 1--overstretched
Grade 2--partial tear Grade 3--complete tear |
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What nerve is damaged in Bells Palsy?
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Cranial nerve VII (facial)
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What is the most painful movement for someone with shoulder bursitis?
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abduction
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What nerve is impinged in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
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Median
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What fingers are affected in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
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1, 2, 3
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What nerve is damaged in the case of a dropped wrist?
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Radial
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What nerve is damaged in the case of a claw hand?
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Ulnar
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What nerve is damaged in the case of "ape hand" (atrophied thumb muscles)?
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Median
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What is Chondromalacia Patella?
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-softening of articular cartilage of the patella
-a maltracking syndrome due to weakness of vastus medialis -treat by strengthening RF or VL |
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What is Colle's fracture?
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Distal radial fracture of the wrist
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What are the symptoms of Right-sided heart failure?
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bilateral ankle swelling, jugular venous swelling
(right ventricle backs up) |
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What are the symptoms of Left-sided heart failure
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pulmonary edema
(left ventricle fluid accumulation) |
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What are the Islets of Langerhans?
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They make hormones in the pancreas
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Where is insulin made?
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beta cells in the pancreas
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What are the "3 polys" of diabetes?
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polyuria--frequent urination
polydipsia--excessive thirst polyphagia--excessive hunger |
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What muscle should be stretched for KYPHOSIS?
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pec major
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What muscles should be worked for LORDOSIS?
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Strentgthen: hams, RA
Stretch: psoas, RF, Er Spinae |
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An Upper Motor Neuron Lesion results in...?
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spasticity
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A Lower Motor Neuron Lesion results in...?
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flaccidity
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What is Hallux Valgus?
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a bunion
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What structures can be compressed in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
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subclavian artery,
subclavian vein brachial plexus |
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What is Tic Doloreux?
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Trigeminal neuralgia
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What is the difference between signs, symptoms, and syndrome?
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Sign--objective (vitals)
symptoms--subjective (headache, pain, etc) syndrome--a collection of signs and symptoms |
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What are the signs of inflammation?
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redness
swelling heat pain limited ROM |
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What are two types of malignant tumor?
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carcinoma--epithelial
sarcoma--all others |
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What is osteomalacia?
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Ricketts
From vitamin D deficiency |
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What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?
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rupture in the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity
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What muscles are involved in TMJ syndrome?
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internal pterygoid
masseter external pterygoid |
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What is Graves disease?
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hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
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What is the origin of sartorius?
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ASIS
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What is the origin of Rectus Femoris?
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AIIS
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Which muscles insert at the pes anserine?
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sartorius
gracilis semitendinosus |
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Which muscles originate at the coracoid process?
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pec minor
coracobrachialis short head of biceps |
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Where do all quads insert?
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tibial tuberosity
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What is a myotactic reflex?
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stretch reflex
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What are PHASIC muscles?
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Fatiguable
anaerobic white fast twitch |
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What are TONIC muscles?
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Fatigue resistant
aerobic red slow twitch |
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What is creatine phosphate?
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It is stored in muscles to make ATP
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What is the functional unit of muscle?
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sarcomere
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What are Actin and Myosin?
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Both are contractile proteins
Actin--thin Myosin--thick |
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What does Troponin do?
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binds to actin, tropomyosin, calcium
a regulatory protein |
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What does tropomyosin do?
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blocks myosin binding sites
a regulatory protein |
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What is intramembranous bone formation?
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bone forms from a membrane (eg, skull)
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What is endochonral bone formation?
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bone forms from cartilage
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What is arthrology?
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The study of joints
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What is a synarthosis and what are some examples?
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A joint with no movement
skull gomphosis syndemosis (interosseous membranes) |
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What is an amphiarthrosis?
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Joint with a little movement
intervertebral disks pubic symphasis SI joint |
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What is a diarthrosis?
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A freely moveable joint
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What are the six types of diarthrotic joints?
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ball and socket
hinge (ginglymus) saddle pivot (trochoid) ellipsoidal (condyloid, planar) gliding |
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Where in the body can styoid processes be found?
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in the wrists and behind the ears
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What is pes planus?
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flat foot
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What is pes cavus?
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high arch
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Where do sympathetic nerve fibers leave the spinal cord?
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Thoraco-lumbar area
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What cells make the Myelin sheath?
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CNS--oligodendrocytes
PNS--Schwann cells |
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Where does cerebrospinal fluid circulate?
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subarachnoid space
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Where is the cornus medularis?
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bottom of the spinal cord
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Which nerve root brings sensory information to the brain?
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dorsal root
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Which nerve root sends motor information from the brain?
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ventral root
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In which portion of the brain is vision processed?
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occipital lobe
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What is CATABOLISM?
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A chemical reaction in the body that breaks substances down (such as digestion)
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What is ANABOLISM?
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A process of building up (such as building bone)
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What three structures pass through the diaphragm?
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aorta
esophagus vena cava |
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Which vein brings blood from the digestive organs to the brain?
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Hepatic portal vein
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What do carbs break down into?
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monosaccharides
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What do proteins break down into?
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amino acids
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What do lipids break down into?
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fatty acids
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What are the four types of tissue in the body?
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Nervous
Epithelial Muscle Connective |
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Which kind of glands are ductless?
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endocrine (hormones)
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Which kind of glands empty into ducts?
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exocrine (enzymes)
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What parts of the body have the highest percentage of sweat glands?
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hands and feet
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What are the layers of the epidermis, superficial to deep?
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Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
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What is tallipes equinovarus?
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club foot
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What is the "drainage ditch?"
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The lower burner of triple burner
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Which arm muscle is a 3-joint muscle?
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biceps brachii
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