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25 Cards in this Set

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What is the average weight of each lung?
About 350 to 425 gm
What type of mucosa lines the bronchi?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar (like that of the trachea).
What type of mucosa lines the bronchioles?
Ciliated low columnar/non-ciliated cuboidal.
Goblet cell and bronicholes
Normally the bronchiole epithelium has NO goblet cells.
Obstructive pulmonary disease --> goblet cell metaplasia --> ?
--> increase in the amount of goblet cells DECREASES the amount of ciliated cells --> ciliary clearance is lost --> bronchitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, etc.
What is located at the apex of the secondary lobule (the first division of the bronchiole)?
The terminal brochiole.
Bronchus --> bronchiole --> ? --> ? --> ? --> alveolar duct
Bronchus --> bronchiole --> terminal bronchiole --> respiratory bronchiole --> 1, 2, 3 order --> alveolar duct
What cell synthesizes surfactant?
Surfactant is a phospholipid synthesized by type II pneumocytes and some Clara cells.
Morphology of type I pneumocytes
Flattened and squamous-like.
The alveolar basement membrane is continuous with what other structure?
The capillary endothelial basement membrane.
Secondary lobules of the lung:
What defines the boundaries?
Shape?
Size?
Positioning?
Neat quote?
Interlobular fibrous connective tissue septa from the visceral pleura.
Pyramidal
2 cm at greatest dimension
Base of the pyramid is towards the visceral pleura.

"The smallest portion of the lung that is surrounded by connective tissue septa."
What marks the beginning of the secondary lobule?
The terminal bronchiole.
How many acini does each secondary lobule contain?

How many primary lobules does each acini contain?
About 3 to 5 acini per secondary lobule

About 8 primary lobules per acinus.

Therefore, there are about 24 - 40 primary lobules in each secondary lobule.
Respiratory bronchioles mark the beginning of what?
The beginning of the acinus.
The alveolar ducts are found at the beginning of what structure?
The primary lobule.
Right bronchial artery: originates from where?
Originates from the descending thoracic aorta OR the first or third intercostal arteries
Left bronchial artery: originates from where?
Actually, there are usually two left bronchial arteries!

These arise from the thoracic aorta
True or false: When the pulmonary arteries enter into the hilum of the lung, they are incorporated into the walls of the bronchi.
False. This is true of the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.

The pulmonary arteries lie alongside the bronchi and the bronchioles.
c/c bronchial arteries with pulmonary arteries.
Bronchial arteries have a thicker medial wall and have a single elastic lamina.
True or false: The bronchial arteries continue from the walls of the bronchi into the walls of the bronchioles.
False. The bronchial arteries do not continue into the walls of the bronchioles. These areas are supplied by branches of the pulmonary arteries.
What carries the blood carried to the lungs by the bronchial arteries back to the heart?
The pulmonary veins.
Where are bronchial veins located?
At the hilum of the lung, where they empty into the azygous and hemi azygous veins.
Do lymph nodes contain valves?
Yes.
Lung macrophages originate from what?
Blood monocytes.
Increased amounts of what cell type are found in the lungs of smokers?
Alveolar macrophages. Larger and more pigmented.