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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The most useful smallest unit in the body is a...
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cell
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Simplest living organism is a one-celled animal like the...
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amoeba
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The characteristics of all living things are:
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Contractility
Organisation Irritability Nutrition Metabolism and Growth Excretion Reproduction Respiration acronym: COIN MERR |
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As the animal becomes more complex what happens?
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It begins to modify by developing specialisations of structure
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In the multi-celled animal, what is the structural and functional unit?
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The single cell
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Describe "differentiation".
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As the animal becomes larger and more complex, by being made up of more and more cells, instead of all the cells doing all the life-functions, certain cells begin to do certain activities at the expense of giving up other functions.
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What happens as the cells begin to differentiate?
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They also begin to join together more closely and arrange themselves with other cells of similar function to form tissues.
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Name the four main types of tissues:
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Muscular
Epithelial Nervous Connective Acronym: MENC |
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Tissues join together to form...
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Organs
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The organs become interconnected into systems like the...
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digestive system
endocrine system |
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Although the level of organisation is increasingly larger...
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each of these systems is usually responsible for accomplishing only one of the essential life processes
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We are primarily concerned with those systems involved in...
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movement
perception control |
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What do the Master Tissues do?
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perceive stimuli and formulate a response
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How does the process of the Master Tissues' perception and formulation of response work?
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Our system picks up information about what is going on, transmits it along the nerves to the controlling centers in our brain and spinal cord (or near it), and then sends out a response along the outgoing nerves to the effectors of the system, which in the case of movement are usually muscles.
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What is the Vegetative meta-System made up of?
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The organ systems that interrelate with one another to carry out the functions of keeping us alive.
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What do the organ systems of the Vegetative meta-System deal with?
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The acquisition of energy and elimination of waste created by the use of energy
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How much of the human being do the two meta-Systems make up?
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Almost all of it.
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How does the Vegetative meta-System relate to the Master Tissues?
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It is encased in and wired to the Master Tissues, which are designed to move it around and keep it out of trouble.
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The body is organised into two parts. What purposes do these two parts fulfill?
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One that keeps us alive (moves) and one that moves us around (locomotion)
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Name the essential phenomenon not covered by the Vegetative meta-systems and Master Tissues.
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Reproduction
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Another name for the Master Tissues?
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Neuromusculoskeletal system
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How many parts is the Neuromusculoskeletal system made up of?
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Three
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What are the three parts of the neuromusculoskeletal system?
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Nervous system
Muscles and joints Skeleton - bones |
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What is McNaught and Callander's definition of the nervous system?
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"The nervous system consists of a central part - the brain and spinal cord - linked by an outlying or peripheral part to the tissues and organs of the body."
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What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?
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Sensory and motor fibers
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What do the sensory fibers do?
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They bring information from the outlying tissues into the brain or spinal cord.
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What do the motor fibers do?
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Carry messages from the spinal cord or brain to the outlying tissues.
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The ability to receive and respond to stimuli from inside as well as outside is called?
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Irritability
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What is conduction?
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The ability to carry messages to and from the coordinating centers.
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What is responsible for knowing what is going on, deciding what to do about it and then finding the most effective means whereby to do it.
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The nervous system.
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What is the locomotor system responsible for?
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Gross movement of the general structure.
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What is the locomotor system made up of?
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Bones, muscles and joints.
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All normal movement takes place where?
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At the joints.
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If we did not have joints between our bones, what would be true?
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We would not be able to move.
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The bones taken as a whole are called...
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the skeleton
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How many bones are there in the skeleton?
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In Europe we say there are 206. It is slightly variable depending on whether we class the sternum as one bone or three, etc.
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The whole skeleton can be divided into two functional divisions. What are they?
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Axial
Appendicular |
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What is the axial skeleton?
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Primarily
head, spinal column, ribs |
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What are two characteristics of the axial skeleton?
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It is rigid and protective.
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
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Appendages, limbs - arms and legs.
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What does the appendicular skeleton accomplish?
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Most of our purposeful movement.
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What creates movement?
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Bones moving at joints.
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What moves the bones?
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Muscles.
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How do the muscles move the bones?
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Through contraction and relaxation.
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The direction and function of the movements we make is determined by...
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the placement, shape and combinations of the muscles that are used.
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The Master Tissues are responsible for what?
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Irritability
Conduction Locomotion |
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Why will we confine ourselves to a study of the Master Tissues?
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Because the Alexander Technique concerns itself with thinking and movement.
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