Body Tissues

Atoms
Molecules
Cells, material, and fluid
Tissues
Organs
Organ System

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve

Lines and covers surfaces
Protects, absorbs, secretes, diffuses
Stem cells constantly regenerate
Basal membrane

basal lamina
reticular lamina

Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified
Transitional

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

irregular, flat, scalelike

Square, large central nucleus

taller than wide
Microvilli and cilia FOUND here

Conn. Tiss. Proper
Fluid Conn. Tissue
Supportive Conn. Tiss.

Loose
Dense

Blood
Lymph

Cartilage
Bone

unspecialized embryonic cells that are the "Father" of all CONNECTIVE tissue

Loose/areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Dense

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

protein fibers (thick bundles of collagen)
elastic fibers (widely scattered cells

dense regular (protein fibers are in parallel bands)
Dense irregular (fibers are interwoven)

Fibroblasts (stationary, secrete proteins that form collagen and elastic fibers)
Macrophages (ingest microbes and dead cells)
Mast cells (release histamines for inflmmatory response)
Adipocytes (fat cells that store lipids)

provides support and protection
allows muscles to move without pulling skin
Fibroblasts stain light
Mast cells stain dark
Collagen and elastic fibers present and seen

but, breats, abdomen
Brown fat (highly vascularized) = infants
White fat (packed closely) = adults

nucleus and cytoplasm are shoved to edge of cell to make room to store lipids in vacuoles

forms internal supporting framework for soft organs
has reticular fibers of small, oval, reticulocytes

collagen or elastic fibers in thick bands
forms tendons
PARALLEL fibers because force is from one direction
One example is fascia

mesh of COLLAGEN FIBERS ONLY w/ fibroblasts
LOCATED in DERMIS
supports stress from MANY DIRECTIONS

elastic fibers and no collagen fibers
thicker, in large bundles
elastic ligaments that are more elastic than tendons
Found in VERTEBRAE of spine and BLOOD CHAMBERS OF PENIS

formed elements

liquid substance called blood plasma

RBC
WBC
Platelets

Lymphocytes (WBCs produced in lymphoid tissues

Go in depth deeper in cards to follow

Gelatinous matrix
Rubbery, avascular tissue that supports body weight and stress)

Solid matrix of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
Both of these + collagen = HYDROXYAPATITE

Hyaline (most common, distinguishable by lack of fibers in matrix) <- there, but do not stain
Elastic (allows binding and twisting)
Fibrocartilage (irregular collagen fibers, cushions joints and limits bone movement)

Membrane that surrounds BONE tissue and it contians osteoBLASTS. Becomes trapped in lacune and matures into osteocytes

membrane surrounding CARTILAGE. Contains chondroblasts which secretes fibers and ground substance of cartilage matrix. chondroblasts become trapped in matrix in lacunae and become chondrocytes which function in maintenance of mature tissue

identify types of cartilage

identify types of Tissue

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth/Visceral

types of muscle tissue

Striated
More than 1 nucleus
Voluntary

Striated
1 nucleus
Involuntary
(connected by intercalated discs)

NOT striated
1 nucleus
Involuntary

Neurons
Glial Cells

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal Cells
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann Cells
Satelitte Cells

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal Cells
Oligodendrocytes

Schwann Cells
Satelitte cells

attach blood vessels to neurons or anchor neurons in place

housekeeping chores in nervous system

line spaces of brain and spinal cord and circulate CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

wrap around neurons in CNS

wrap around peripheral neurons to increase speed to transmit action potentials
Aid in repairing axons

Help regulate environment around peripheral neural tissue

Epidermis
Dermis
Sebaceous Glands and Follicles
Sweat Glands

stratified squamous epithelium

Stratum germinatuvm/ stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

closest to dermis and in state of constant mitosis/regenerating

desmosomes interconnect these cells

produces keratohyalin to reduce water loss

transparent layer in thick-skinned palms and soles

layers of dead keratinized cells (most superficial)

papillary and reticular layers

sebum to coat and lubricate hair
lubricate skin, act as antibacterial

Apocrine/Eccrine(thick odorous sweat via hair follicles)
Merocrine (watery with electrolytes)