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24 Cards in this Set

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name human bones
:)
there are ____ organ systems that make up the human body
11
these collaborate to complete their functions. give an example
the digestive system works directly with the excretory system (self explanatory)
the nutrients are broken down in the stomach and passed to the lower intestine.
Digestive enzymes from the pancreas and the gallbladder break down more nutrients.
What is not absorbed into the bloodstream is transferred to the large intestine, then excreted
Body tissues are made of....
similar cells grouped together
muscle tissue cells contract.
what does the skeletal muscle tissue, the cardiac muscle tissue, and smooth muscle tissue do?
skeletal muscle tissue: moves (grows) bones
cardiac muscle tissue: pumps blood throughout body, helps you move
smooth muscle tissue: moves substances through body, ie, waste
What is the function of nervous tissue cells?
they transmit messages thru-out the body. ie: you hand is in the fire. it hurts. take your hand out of the fire (ms sherman-esque)
What do nerve cells do? example, too.
they respond to messages that are going around your body.
ex: the receptors send a message to spindal cord, which sends to the brain
What is epithelial tissue? example
Tissue that protects, secretes, and absorbs. the cells bind tightly together
ex: skin cells, cells that line the body cavity
What is the function of connective tissue? example
it supports the body
ex: cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat
What are organ systems made up of?
a group of organs that perform similar functions and work together
Name the 11 systems, their major structures, and their functions.
Integumentary system: hair/fur, nails/hooves/claw, keratin, etc. to protect/cover
Muscular system: cardiac, skeletal, smooth muscle. to support, structure, movement.
Skeletal system: Bones! support, structure, movement.
Circulatory system: heart, capillaries, veins, arteries. transports blood.
Respiratory system: lungs, trachea, bronchial tubes. gas exchange in body.
Digestive system: mouth, esophagus, intestines, stomach. absorbing nutrients.
Excretory system: kidneys, skin, intestines. removal of waste.
Endocrine system: glands, tonsils, hypothalamus. controls and regulates homeostasis.
Reproductive system: gonads. To have offspring.
Nervous system: brain, spinal cords, nerves. Controls sense&coordination.
Lymphatic system: immune system, t-cells, b-cells, white blood cells (lymphocytes). wards off illness, defense against disease.
Be sure you know the bones of a frog, chicken, rat and cat.
YES, i know them!
why doesnt the stomach digest itself? ditto with the intestine?
it is lined with mucus. there is HCL in the intestine.
Can you label/name the organs, and their functions?
lungs, heart, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, stomach, esophagus (?) kidneys, intestines
What are the main functions of bones?
Support: it supports and protects the body. ie ribs protect lungs and <3, vertebrae protects spinal cord, cranium protects brain.
Storage: it stores minerals and releases into tissues and muscles.
movement: w/o skeletal muscles, you couldnt move. they are connected to bones
blood cell formation: bone cells make white and red blood cells.
what are the 2 types of tissue?
compact bone tissue: provides support
spongy bone tissue: strong, full of holes.
what is red marrow and yellow marrow
red=red and white blood cells
yellow=fat
how do nutrients get into bone cells?
blood vessels carry nutrients into bones
what are 4 kinds of joints?
1.sliding, gliding: wrist, ankles, between vertebrae
2. hinge: elbows, knees, fingers, toes.
3. ball and socket: end of humerus & femur
4. pivot: neck
what are joints held together by?
ligaments
what joint is semi movable and why
the sternum, since it allows u to breathe. when u inhale/exhale, it expands
what are the 3 types of levers? (know examples+drawings)
1st class: the fulcrum is between load and effort.
2nd class: load is between fulcrum and effort
3rd class: effort is between load and fulcrum
what are the 4 compounds of life?
proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids
what is the movement of your esophagus when it squeezes your food down?
peristolic motion