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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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refers to the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other
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physiology
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refers to the function of the living body and its parts (how the body works)
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anatomical position
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the patient is standing erect facing forward with arms down at the sides and palms forward
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supine
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the patient lying face up on his back
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prone
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the patient is lying face down on his stomach
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lateral recumbent (recovery position)
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the patient is lying on his left or right side
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fowler position
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the patient is lying on his back with his uuper body elevated at a 45 to 60 deg angle
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semi-fowler position
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the patient is lying on his back with the legs elevated higher than the head and body on an inclined plane
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trendelenburg position
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the patient is lying on his back with the legs elevated higher than the head
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shock position
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where only the feet and legs are elevated approximately 12 inches
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midline
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vertical line through the middle of the patients body, beginning at the top of the head and goes all the way to the ground
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midaxillary line
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line that goes vertically from the middle of the patients armpit down to the ankle
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anterior plane
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the patients front
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posterior plane
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the patients back
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traverse plane
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imaginary line horizontally through the patients waist, divided into superior and inferior
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superior plane
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above the waste
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inferior plane
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below the waste
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dorsal
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toward the back or backbone
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ventral
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toward the front or belly
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medial
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toward the midline of center of body
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lateral
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refers to the left or right of the midline
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bilateral
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both left and right (on both sides)
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proximal
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near the point of reference. (up the arm)
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distal
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far from the point of reference (down the arm)
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midclavicular line
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center of each of the collarbones (clavical) extends from the center of either collarbone down the anterior thorax
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plantar
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the sole of the foot
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palmar
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refers to the palm of the hand
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what organs are in the RUQ
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liver (large portion), right kidney, colon, pancreas(small portion), gallbladder, small intestines
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what organs are in the LUQ
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Liver (small portion), spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas(majority), small intestines
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what organs are in the RLQ
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colon, small intestine, right ureter, appendix, right overy (female), right fallopian tube(female)
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what organs are in the LLQ
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colon, small intestines, left ureter, left ovary (female), left fallopian tube (female)
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what organs are part of the midline area of the abdomen
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bladder, uterus (female), prostate (male)
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musculoskeletal system
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consists of the bony framework, or skeleton, held together by ligaments that connect to bone, layers of muscle, tendons and other
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the interlocking bones of the cranium
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occipital, two parietal, two temporal, and the frontal
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maxillae
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fused bones of upper jaw
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zygomatic bones
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cheekbones
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mandible
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lower jaw, moves freely
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how many vertebrae in the spinal column?
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33
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5 parts of the spinal column from top to bottom
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cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacral spine, coccyx
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how many vertebrae in the cervical spine? position?
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C-1 to C-7 (7), top
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how many vertebrae in the thoracic spine? position?
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T1 to T12 (12), second down
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how many vertebrae in the lumbar spine? position?
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L1 to L5 (5), 3rd down
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how many vertebrae in the sacral spine? position?
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S1 to S-5 (5), 4th down
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how many vertebrae in the coccyx (tailbone)? position?
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(4), 5th down/bottom of spine
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femur
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thigh bone
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tibia
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inside portion of leg below the knee, anterior and medial side of the leg
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fibula
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outside portion of leg below the knee, lateral side of the leg parallel to the tibia
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flexion
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bending toward the body
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extension
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straightening away from the body
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abduction
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movement away from the midline
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adduction
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movement towards the midline
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circumduction
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a combination of fexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, (shoulder joint)
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pronation
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turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the back
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supination
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turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front
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ball and socket joint
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permits the widest range of motion
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hinged joint
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permits flexion and extension
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pivot joint
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allows for a turning motion
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gliding joint
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where one bone slides across another to the point where surrounding structures restrict the motion
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saddle joint
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permits combination of limited movements along perpendicular planes
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condyloid joint
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a modified ball and socket joint that permits limited motion in two directions
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humerus
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the proximal portion of the arm. big bone above the elbow
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radius
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the lateral bone of the forearm
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ulna
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the medial bone of the forearm
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carpals
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8 bones in the wrist
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metacarpals
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small bones in the hand
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phalanges
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either fingers or toes
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calcaneus
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heel bone
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tarsals
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make up the proximal portion of the foot
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metatarsals
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form the substance of the foot
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