Brainstem

1) in upper medulla
2) ipsilateral projects to spine for muscle tone and gaiting
3) projections to sacral neurons inhibit penila/clitoral eretions
4) NPT: nocturnal penile tumescence, waves of inhibition for erection during sleep

1) lateral to gigantocellular nuc.
2) extends from upper medulla to motor trigeminal nuc.
3) projections to cranial nerve motor nuc. for licking, chewing, swallowing, vomiting

1) near sup. cerebellar ped.
2) involved in taste, feeding, drinking
3) spit/swallow switch
4) contains pneumotaxic center: turn off inhalation neurons, prevents overfilling

1) Pneumotaxic center: in parabrachial reticular nucleus
2) Dorsal Respiratory groups: in nucleus solitarius, inspiration neurons, rhythmic breathing during quiet respiration
3) ventral Respiratory group: in nucleus ambiguus, inspiration/expiration in non-quiet respiration (excercise)

1) responsible for sleep-wake cycle, various levels of alertness
2) projects to mid-line group of thalamus, which goes to cortex

1) receives input from hypothalamus
2) involved with autonomic nervous system
3) role in motor movement: projections carry involuntary motor impulses from extrapyramidal tracts

1) Located medial to Locus Ceruleus
2) Micturition center (urinate)

1) upper pons and lower midbrain
2) atonia during REM
3) imp. in reticular activating center

1) located in midbrain
2) role in selective attention

1) located in medial pons
2) ipsilateral proj. to spinal cord concerned with muscle tone
3) Contains PPRF, ORAL PONTINE RETICULAR and CAUDAL PONTINE RETICULAR: involved with REM sleep

1) located in medial pons, pontine reticular nucleus
2) lateral (horizontal) gaze center

1) located in rostral portion of MLF in midbrain
2) Vertical gaze center

1) located in medial medulla, pons, and midbrain
2) involved with pain inhibition and sleep cycles
3) Nucleus Raphe Magnus: sends fibers to interneurons toposterior horn to inhibit pain

1) not considered reticular nucleus
2) bilateral structure in post. rostral pons and caudal midbrain
3) diffuse connections, 250,00 synapses
4) regulation of attention, arousal, sleep/wake cycle, learning, memory , anxiety, pain, mood
5) NT: Norepinephrine, (can make cx more responsive to salient sensory stimuli) - increase brain responsiveness, make sensory and motor systems more efficient

Afferents:
1) cochlear nuclei
2) trapezoid body
3) superior olivary nucleus

Afferents:
1) Retina
2) Motor Cortex