BSF 200 Midterm

Allows contents in and out

No energy

Energy

Most common, high concentration to low concentration

Help moving across membrane, glucose

Low concentration to high concentration, H2O, semipermeable membrane

Pressure, force, H2O

Active transport pump / Adenosine triphosphate

Ingesting particle substance, to large

Solid material

Liquid material

Transport out of cell

Brain of the cell

Blueprint / Building blocks, RNA forms ribosomes

Produce / Manufacture enzymes & protien, free float or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

New structures, cell division

Power plant, 95% energy

Series of channels & folded membranes

Processes & stores protein

Clean up debris / Waste

Provides shape microtubules, movement

Whip shape tail, sperm

Hair like projections

Cell division & reproduction

Chromosomes visible, centrioles to side, spindle forms

Chromosomes in center

Chromosomes split, spindle splits

Chromosomes far end, spindle disappear, nucleus reappear

Normal flora, bacteria we need / Febrile, elevated pulse, edema, discharge, treat with ABX

Need host cell, harder to kill, palliative, self-limiting

Plant like, spores, antifungal

One celled organism, amebacide

Layer we see, contains the stratum corneum, stratified squamous epithelium

2nd layer, collagen & elastic fibers, connective tissue

3rd layer, connective tissue, skin to muscle layer

3rd layer, connective tissue, skin to muscle layer

layer dead skin cells on top of epidermis

At hair follicle, active at puberty

Sweat glands all over rest of body, temperature regulation

Hot, sweat, vasodialation / Cold, vasoconstriction, shiver, goosebumps

Creates skin color, activated by UV light, freckles - patches of melanin

Skin exposed / sunlight, produce Vitamin D

Produces sebum, lubricates hair & skin

Skin beneath hard nail body

Fold of skin that covers nailbody

White half moon shape

Shape:
squamous-scale/plaque
cuboidal-cube/square
columnar-column like
transitional-stretchy/stomach bladder

Arrangement:
squamous-simple/one layer
cuboidal-stratified/several layers
columnar-pseudostratified/one layer that looks like many

Skeletal, most muscles in body

Cardiac, found in heart
Smooth, forms walls of hollow organs

Structure, protects, movement, produce RBC, store minerals

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacrum-fused

2 pairs, have no anterior attachment

7 pairs, attach anterior to sternum, posterior to vertebra

Humerus, radius, ulna

Femur, tibia, fibula

Tarsels, metatarsels, phalanges, heel bone (calcaneous)

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Cranial bones, ribs, sutures

Hip, elbow, wrist, knee

Flat - scapula
Long - humerus
Short - tarsals
Irregular - vertebra

Shaft of the bone (middle)

The ends of the bone

(plate) - cartilage tissue, creates new bone cells till growth stops

Extension, flexion, supination, pronation, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

Connects muscle to bone

Connects bone to bone

Nearsightedness - can see up close

Farsightedness - can see far away

Cone-shaped cavity that contains the eyeball

6 short muscles that provide support and rotary movement

Moveable folds of skin containing eyelashes to protect eye

Protective membrane that covers the exposed surface of the eyeball

Includes the Lacrimal gland that produces tears & the ducts or passageways to transport tears

Globe-shaped organ of vision

White of the eye, outermost layer

Middle layer, contains iris and pupil

Colored portion of the eye, functions like a shutter on a camera

The opening through which light passes into the eye

Innermost layer, interpret the rays of light for vision

The area where the neurons of the optic nerve exit the retina

Located behind the pupil, thicken and thin to allow light to focus on the retinal surface

Sclera
Choroid
Retina

Cartilaginous projection that collects & directs sound waves into the auditory canal

Canal that contains earwax, or cerumen

Membrane that seperates the external & middle ear

3 small bones (hammer-, anvil-, and stirrup-shaped) that help amplify & transmit sound

Allow for external (atmospheric) & internal (within the middle ear) pressure on the tympanic membrane

Bony, snail-shaped portion of the inner ear containing perilymph fluid, which helps to transmit sound

3 canals containing endolymph fluid, to help maintain balance

Membrane that connects to the stirruo or stapes, begins the inner ear& carries amplified vibrations from the tympanic ossicles

Auricle, or pinna
Auditory canal, or external auditory meatus
Eardrum, or tympanic membrane

Ossicles
Eustachian tubes

Cochlea
Semicircular canals

Gustatory sense

Olfactory region, 90% of taste

Touch receptors

Pain receptors

Body orientation sense

Parotid-inferior & aterior to ears
Sublingual-under tongue
Submandibular-both sides of lower jaw

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Absorb nutrients

Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

Absorb water

Detoxifies
Creates body heat
Destroys old blood
Forms blood plasma

Wave like movement of the smooth muscle of the GI tract

Mixed food & digestive juices in the stomach & small intestine

Finger-like projections of the small intestine

Muscular ring around a tube, valve

Folds of the stomach

Process of chewing

Deliver and store bile from the liver

Produce & secrete digestive enzymes, produce hormones that regulate blood sugars

Worm-like, vermiform appendix, attached to cecum

Brain & spinal cord

nerves outside brain & spinal cord

Information about environment to brain

Information from brain to body tissue

Fight or flight, alert system

Resting / Digesting, homeostasis

Dendrite - receive info from environment
Axon - generates & sends signals to other cells
Synapse - space between neuron & receiving cell

Fluid around brain & spinal cord, shock absorber

Protective membrane around brain & spinal cord

Grooves on brain

Ridges on brain

Largest part of brain, right & left hemisphere

Fluid filled cavaties of the brain

Collection of white matter, connects right & left hemisphere of brain

Controls vital functions

Vision

Part of diencephalon, controls endocrine, regulates appetite, thirs, temperature

Part of diencephalon, process info going to cerebrum