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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sympathetic nervous system
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Adapts the body in many ways for physical activity- it increases alertness, heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary airflow, blood glucose concentration, and reduced blood flow to the skin and digestive tract
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Parasympathetic division
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Has a calming effect on many body functions, it is associated with reduced energy expenditure and normal body maintenance, including such functions as digestion and waste elimination
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Out line the flow of information for the CNS
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The preganglionic neuron has a soma in the brainstem of spinal cord and synapses with the post ganglionic neuron in the autonomic ganglia. The post ganglionic neurons axon extends the rest of the way to the target cells
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pre-ganglionic neuron has a _____ axon
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myelinated
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Autonomic ganglia
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motor ganglia
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doral root ganglia
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sensory
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The ANS is responsible for _______ - unconscious, automatic, stereotyped responses to stimulation, involving visceral receptors and effectors and somewhat slower responses
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visceral reflexes
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Example of visceral reflex for high blood pressure
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High blood pressure activates a visceral baroreflex. It stimulates stretch receptors called baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and aorta, and they transmit signals via the glossopharyngeal nerves to the medulla oblongata. The medulla integrates this information and transmits efferent signals back to the heart by way of the vagus nerve. The vagus nerves slow down the heart and reduce blood pressure.
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sympathetic division and ganglionic fiber length
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Short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers
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The sympathetic division is also referred to as what?
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The thoracolumbar division because it arises from the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord. Their fibers exit by way of T1-L2
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Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic somas in the sympathetic division?
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In the lateral horns and nearby regions of grey matter of the spinal cord
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Where do preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division?
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After entering the sympathetic chain, preganglionic fibers may follow any course: 1. Some end in the ganglion that they enter and synapse immediately with a postganglionic neuron. 2. Some travel up or down the chain and synapse in ganglia at other levels. 3. Some pass through the chain without synapsing and continue as splanchnic nerves
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Where are the cell bodies in the somatic nervous system?
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in the ventral horn
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Sympathetic chain
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The preganglionic fibers of the spinal cord exit by way of the spinal nerves T1-L2. In the thoracolumbar region each sympathetic chain is connected to a spinal nerve by two branches called communicating rami
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adrenal gland
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The adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones and the inner core is essentially a sympathetic ganglion
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Why is the adrenal medulla essentially an autonomic ganglion?
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It consists of postganglionic neurons without dendrites or axons. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers penetrate through the cortex and terminate on these cells
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where does the medulla secrete epinephrin and norepinephrine?
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in the blood stream
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