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What is Campylobacter?
Curved, comma, or S-shaped organisms with a single polar flagellum.
What are the oxyen requirements for Campylobacter?
Microaerophilic (they require 5% oxygen, not atmospheric oxygen of 21%).
What are the reservoirs of Campylobacter?
Mammals and birds
How is Campylobacter transmitted to humans?
1) Fecal-oral transmission
2) Direct contact (especially poultry)
3) Contaminated water
Who is typically susceptible to Campylobacter infection?
Children
What species of Campylobacter is a major human pathogen?
C. jejuni
What is the pathogenesis of C. jejuni?
1) Following oral ingestion, C. jejuni colonizes intestinal mucosa and invades intestinal epithelium, with resultant ulceration and bleeding of mucosal surface.
2) Rarely, C. jejuni may enter the blood-stream, disseminating to multiple organs, particularly in the immunocompromised.
What diseases does C. jejuni cause?
Acute enteritis, traveler's diarrhea, pseudoappendicitis, and bacteremia.
What is the incubation period for acute enteritis caused by C. jejuni?
1-7 days
What are three complications of C. jejuni infection?
1) Guillain-Barre syndrome
2) Septic abortion
3) Reactive arthritis
How is Campylobacter infection diagnosed?
Growth on selective media in microaerophilic conditions.
Which strain of Campylobacter causes vascular and central nervous system infection?
C. fetus
What is the treatment for C. fetus?
1) Symptomatic treatment with fluid and electroyte replacement.
2) Treat with ampicillin or third-generation cephalosporin for persistent symptoms or bloody diarrhea.