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344 Cards in this Set
- Front
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- 3rd side (hint)
|
dywal
|
fierce
|
|
|
dymkyvarwydyat
|
he used to lead me
compound verb: infixed pronoun 1 sg 'm + vb |
|
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cyvarwydaw
|
verb. to lead, instruct
|
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baran
|
fury
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kyolwch
|
praise, eulogy
|
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gwell
|
better
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yd
|
for you
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nogyt
|
than
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ydolwch
|
to yield
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preid
|
booty, spoil
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kyflavan
|
slaughter, battle
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gnif
|
grief
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llewenid
|
joyful
or place name Llwywennydd |
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lluyd
|
hosts
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llywijf
|
I lead
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peri
|
he/it causes
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perit
|
causes
|
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llywiaw
|
to lead
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dywedit
|
it was said
|
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Drws Llech
|
door of the stone
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ny tech
|
does not flee
|
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techu
|
to flee, retreat
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chwerw
|
bitter
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blwng
|
angry
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chwerthin
|
laughter
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ryvel
|
war
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dorvlodyat
|
inciter
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budic
|
victorious
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|
ior
|
lord
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greidyawl
|
fierce
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gavael
|
grasp
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eryr
|
eagle
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gal
|
enemy
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glew
|
brave
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hael
|
generous
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godic
|
coddic, angry
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ryvel godic
|
war-angry, compound? lenited.
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mael
|
prince, lord
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berchen
|
perchen, lord
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kell
|
storehouse
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llyr
|
sea
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kein
|
fair
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ebyr
|
estuaries
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aber
|
estuary
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gwyr
|
men
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gwr
|
man
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clawr
|
table
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glawr
|
table lenited
|
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a borthaf
|
I carry
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ar
|
upon
|
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vyn tu
|
my side
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kyrchnyat
|
attacker
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rwng deu lu
|
between two hosts
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llu
|
army
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balch
|
proud
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bieivu
|
3rd sg pret of peiu, 'who owns?'
= 'it belongs to' / 'who owns it' py + yw earlier forms 'pyoed, pyvu' |
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llary
|
generous
L. largus |
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llywyei
|
3rd sg impf of llywyaw 'to rule'
'he used to rule' |
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y vronn
|
his breast
|
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vran du
|
black crows
bran |
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wenn
|
white
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mywn
|
in
|
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crys
|
shirt
OIr criss 'girdle' - may have been original meaning |
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llys
|
court
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brein
|
crows pl.
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a'e hys
|
eat it
ys = 3rd sg pres indic of 'ysu' to consume |
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y'm
|
in my
|
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edeir
|
hand, unlenited = nedeir
|
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yr
|
in
|
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bugeil
|
shepherd, lenited - vugeil
|
|
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teyrn
|
lord
|
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bron
|
heart, lenited vron
or gwron, hero |
|
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treulyat
|
consumer
treul-yaw 'to consume' + agent-suffix 'iat' |
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teyrn vron
|
heart of a prince
|
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kennweir
|
spears
|
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tu
|
prep. beside
|
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mordwyt
|
thigh
|
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ysgwyt
|
shield
|
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olwyn
|
wheel
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kat
|
battle
|
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cledyr
|
pillar
|
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kywlat
|
lit. border country, here 'enemy'
|
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rwyt
|
snare
|
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kled
|
left side
OIr cle |
|
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byw (adj and noun)
|
adj. alive, n. life
|
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y vyw
|
his life
|
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y ved
|
his grave
|
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|
bed
|
grave
|
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dinas
|
fort, refuge, protection
|
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y henwred
|
for/ of aged people, old age
|
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godir
|
region
go 'sub' + tir 'land' OIr foithir 'uncultivated land' |
|
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pellynnyawc
|
adj. far-wandering
pell 'far' + hynt 'track' |
|
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luyd
|
hosts
|
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geiryawc
|
eloquent
geir 'word' |
|
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clotryd
|
fame-generous
clot + rhydd 'free' |
|
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ysgwyd
|
shoulder
|
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ny'm
|
amend to r'ym
perfective particle / subjunctive indicating a wish |
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ny'm arvollei
|
I have received
|
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gwaratwyd
|
shame
lenited because of preceding 3rd sg impf verb |
|
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gwae
|
woe to!
|
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breich
|
arm
|
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neu's goruc
|
he made
|
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o dir
|
of the land
|
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gawr
|
battle, shout
|
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gelorawr
|
of gelor, bier
|
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veich
|
lenited beich, burden
|
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yn aghat
|
in my grasp
|
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llary ud
|
generous lord
|
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pawl
|
post, pole
|
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dragonawl
|
warrior like
|
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udd
|
lord
|
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a chyd
|
although
|
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del
|
may come
dyuot 3rd sg subj |
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dydd brawt
|
judgment day
|
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ny'm tawr
|
it is not my concern
impersonal verb taking direct object |
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llywyei
|
he ruled
|
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post
|
pillar
|
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penn post
|
chief-post
|
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ry allat
|
has been snatched away
pret impers of gallu |
|
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a'm porthes
|
that carried me
|
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digones
|
it has done
3rd sg pret of digoni |
|
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llym
|
bitter, here 'a bitter thing'
|
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o du riw
|
under the side of a slope
side = tu |
|
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y eneu
|
his mouth
geneu = lips |
|
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ewynvriw
|
foam
ewyn 'foam' + briw 'fragments |
|
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gwaet
|
blood
|
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o hediw
|
from today (onwards)
|
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ry thyrvis
|
has disturbed
tyrvis, 3rd sg pret of tyrvu L. turbare |
|
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ry gardwys
|
has crushed
3 sg pret garddu |
|
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vy eis
|
my ribs
|
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torri
|
vn break
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callon
|
heart
|
|
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neu'r dorres
|
it broke
|
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kelein
|
corpse
|
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y gelein
|
lenited his corpse
|
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veinwen
|
slender white
lenited from meinwen |
|
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mein
|
slender
also pl stones |
|
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a oloir
|
is buried
goloir is pres impers of golo 'to bury' |
|
|
ym plith
|
amongst
|
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prid
|
earth, clay
|
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a dan
|
below
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brid
|
lenited prid, earth
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brid a mein
|
earth and stones
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derw
|
oak trees, hence coffin
|
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kevynderw
|
first cousin
|
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vyg
|
my
|
|
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a edewit
|
it was left
pret. impers. adaw, to leave |
|
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llam
|
fate
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tynghit
|
pret impers tyngu 'to destine'
|
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llam ry'm tynghit
|
the fate which has been destined upon me
ry'm = relative pronoun perfective + infix |
|
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tywarch
|
turves
|
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llad
|
impers. has been killed
|
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tywawt
|
sand
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weryt
|
soil
lenited from gweryt |
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arwyd
|
grave-marker, badge
|
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daerawt
|
3rd sg pret of daeredu, to befall
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a dan brid
|
beneath earth
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dynat
|
nettles
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gallat
|
pret impers of gallu, to be able
here 'has been caused' |
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mein glas
|
grey stones
|
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gallas
|
has seized
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ry'm gallas
|
which has seized me
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anoeth
|
a wonder
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byd
|
here, until
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brawt
|
judgment day
|
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bwy'n
|
it may be our
3rd sg pres subj + infix |
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kynnull
|
gather, collect
|
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gyrn buelyn
|
drinking horns (pl) of buffalo horn
|
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drull
|
ladle (for wine) or wine-cup
|
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rebyd
|
lord
|
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vilet
|
lenited milet, retinue
L. miles |
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rebyd vilet
|
preceding genitive
lord of retinue, retinue's lord |
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dull
|
army
|
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Reget dull
|
preceding genitive
Rheged's army |
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kynnwys
|
vn to welcome
|
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bwy'n kynnwys
|
it may be our being welcomed
|
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vwys
|
lenited mwys, table
from L. mensa |
|
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Regethwys
|
men of Rheged
thwys = the people of Powys = the people of Po. L. pagenses |
|
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handit
|
3rd sg pret indic of hanvot, to happen
here, '(so-and-so) is' |
|
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aflawen
|
sad
|
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aflawen
|
sad
llawen with negative prefix |
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henoeth
|
tonight
|
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ys trist
|
is sad
|
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o'r
|
because of
|
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drallawt
|
tribulation
|
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heno
|
tonight
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amgen
|
other, here besides
|
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lluossyd
|
a multitude
|
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a'm daerawt
|
that has befallen me
|
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Duw Gwener
|
Friday
|
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gweleis
|
I saw
|
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divyd
|
grief
|
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bydynawr
|
armies pl.
sg. byddin |
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bedit
|
Christian world
|
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heit
|
swarm of bees
|
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heb
|
without
|
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modrydaf
vodrydaf |
queen bee
|
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hu byd
|
it is thus
|
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ryvedvawr
|
great wealth
rhyffedd 'wealth' |
|
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neu'm rodes i Run
|
Rhun gave to me
|
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cant
|
one hundred
|
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cant heit
|
one hundred herds
|
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ysgwydawr
|
pl. shields
|
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pell mawr
|
far greater
|
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rwyf
|
lit. oar, here leader
|
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yolyd
|
praiser
|
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rwyf yolyd
|
leader of a praiser
desired leader |
|
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can tref
|
one hundred estates
|
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eidyonyd
|
oxen
|
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nog
|
than
|
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yd
|
here, 'the others'
|
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ym myw
|
was alive
|
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reawdyr
|
ruler
|
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dyhed
|
war
|
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dyrein
|
straighten
|
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enwir
|
the wicked
|
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heyrn
|
shackles, fetters
|
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meirch
|
horses
|
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enwired
|
wickedness, the wicked ones
|
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mor
|
n. sea
also conj. how |
|
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gogwn
|
1 sg pres indic of gwybot
I know |
|
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vi
|
1 sg pronoun
or amend to 'wi', alas! |
|
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anaf
|
n. wound
|
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ny wyr neb
|
does not know any man
= nobody knows |
|
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nebawt
|
anything
|
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arglyw
|
lively
|
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pob un
|
everyone
|
|
|
ymhop
|
prep. yn + pob
in every |
|
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haf
|
summer
|
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pwyllei
|
'he was planning' from vb. pwyllaw
|
|
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marchawc
|
horseman
|
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gwein
|
slaughter
|
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kelein
|
pile of corpses/corpse sg.
|
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yn erbyn
|
against
|
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cryssed
|
n. the attack
|
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|
ud pressen
|
lord of Christendom
|
|
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kyfryssed
|
n. battle
|
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trin
|
battle
|
|
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dynin
|
slaughter
|
|
|
vyn dihol i
|
to banish me
|
|
|
dihol
|
banishment, exile
|
|
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llosgi
|
vn to burn
|
|
|
tymyr
|
homeland
|
|
|
llyc
|
mouse
|
|
|
a gravei
|
was scratching
vb. cravu |
|
|
ffyrn
|
hearth
|
|
|
bleid
|
wolf
|
|
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a vugei
|
was howling (impf)
vb. bugad |
|
|
wrth erbyn
|
through the gap
|
|
|
wrth glegyr
|
through a rock
|
|
|
pwylleis
|
amend to gweleis, I saw
or I was there |
|
|
las Elgno
|
Elgno was killed
|
|
|
ffrowyllei
|
he used to beat
vb. ffrewyllu |
|
|
lavyn
|
blade
|
|
|
eidyo
|
rampart? (obscure word)
|
|
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Pyll
|
personal name
or clothing? |
|
|
pebyll
|
tent
|
|
|
bro
|
land
|
|
|
eilweith
|
a second time
eil 'second' + gweith 'time' |
|
|
gweithyenawr
|
a shout of battle 'gweithyen' + awr for preceding genitive
|
|
|
ysgwyt ar ysgwyd
|
shield upon shoulder
|
|
|
bu eil yno Elgno
|
when Elgno came second
colloquially, 'when urien killed Elgno' |
|
|
ethyw
|
3 sg pret mynet
'has gone upon' |
|
|
gwall
|
loss
|
|
|
o vraw
|
(because) of a fear
|
|
|
gweill
|
spears? corrupt
|
|
|
arall
|
another
|
|
|
a vyd vyth
|
byd, will there ever be?
|
|
|
moel
|
bald
|
|
|
evras
|
custom
|
|
|
gwrd
|
brave
|
|
|
ny's car
|
do not love
|
|
|
ketwyr
|
warriors
|
|
|
y gas
|
his hatred, len. cas
|
|
|
lliaws
|
many a
|
|
|
gwledic
|
lord
|
|
|
ry dreulyas
|
he has worn out
3 sg pret of treulyaw |
|
|
angerd
|
strength
|
|
|
agro
|
sad
|
|
|
wisc
|
track
|
|
|
yn wysc
|
after, following upon
|
|
|
tawel
|
quiet
|
|
|
awel
|
breeze
|
|
|
hirgliw
|
long-slope,
ie. side of a hill |
|
|
odit
|
rare
|
|
|
molediw
|
praiseworthy
|
|
|
ken nyd iw
|
although he is not (alive)
|
|
|
llawer
|
many
|
|
|
ki
|
dogs
|
|
|
geilic
|
bright
|
|
|
hebawc
|
hawks
|
|
|
wyrennic
|
spirited, vigorious, lenited grom gwyrennic
|
|
|
a lithiwyt
|
were fed
pret impers of llithiaw |
|
|
llawr
|
floor
|
|
|
kynn
|
before
|
|
|
llawedrawr
|
heaps of ruins? obscure.
|
|
|
aelwyt
|
hearth
|
|
|
goglyt
|
covering? defense?
|
|
|
gawr
|
normally 'shout'. here 'grey'?
|
|
|
mwy gordyfnassei
|
had been more accustomed
3 sg ppf gorddyfnu |
|
|
meduon
|
drinkers
|
|
|
eiriawl
|
petitioning
|
|
|
neu's kud
|
it is covered with
3 sg pres cuddyaw 'hide' |
|
|
dynat
|
nettles
|
|
|
tra
|
while
|
|
|
vyw
|
life. len. byw
|
|
|
gwercheitwat
|
guardian
|
|
|
glessin
|
turf
|
|
|
ym myw
|
was alive
|
|
|
berwassei
|
would have been boiled
vb. berwi |
|
|
peir
|
cauldron
|
|
|
breiddin
|
booty
|
|
|
kallawdyr
|
moss
|
|
|
llwyt
|
grey
Ir. liath |
|
|
am y bwyt
|
concerning food
|
|
|
cledyval
|
sword-stroke
|
|
|
dyual
|
earnest
|
|
|
diarswyt
|
fearless
|
|
|
kein
|
beautiful
|
|
|
vieri
|
mieri, branches
|
|
|
coet
|
wood
|
|
|
kynneuauc
|
custom, amend to kynneuawt, kindling
|
|
|
drein
|
thorn trees
|
|
|
y chyngrein
|
to its chief
|
|
|
kymwynas
|
goodness, favour
|
|
|
kyweithas
|
troop, company
|
|
|
myr
|
ants
|
|
|
babir
|
candles
|
|
|
gloew
|
bright
|
|
|
chyvedeu kywir
|
joint-feasting, proper feasting
|
|
|
tavawl
|
dock plants
|
|
|
hwch
|
pigs
|
|
|
elwch
|
merriment
|
|
|
gyrn
|
drinking horns
|
|
|
kyvedwch
|
feasting
|
|
|
clad
|
dig, scratch
|
|
|
kywen
|
young chicken
|
|
|
ny's eidigavei anghen
|
need did not used to trouble it
|
|
|
anghen
|
need
|
|
|
eidigavei
|
did not used to
|
|
|
ym myw
|
in the lifetime of
|
|
|
enable Audio
penicillin
|
enable Audio
Penicillin VK
|
penicillin antibiotic |
|
draw
|
yonder
|
|
|
llwybr
|
path
|
