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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is CK-MB used?
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Specific for myocardial tissue injury
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When do CK-MB levels begin to rise?
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4-6 hours after onset of symptoms
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When do CK-MB levels peak?
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18-24 hours
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When do CK-MB levels return to baseline?
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W/in 3 days after MI
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When is CK-MB checked?
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Q8 hr x 3
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Why is Troponin used?
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-To diagnose an MI
-Very cardiac specific |
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When is Troponin detectable?
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W/in 1 hour of MI
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When is Troponin high specificity?
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3-6 hours following onset of symptoms
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When does Troponin peak?
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W/in 12 hours
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What is the normal Troponin level?
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-Normal < 0.2
-HF pts my have increased levels |
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What is normal BNP level?
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-< 100
-HF pts may have levels as high as 9,000-10,000 |
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What does BNP measure?
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HF (rates the severity)
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What does myoglobin tell us?
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There is muscle injury somewhere in the body but not specific enough to show if damage is cardiac or skeletal muscle
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What is Homocysteine (Hcy) test used for?
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Measures pt's risk of 1st cardiac even but can give "false readings" due to vit deficiency
*Not a routine test |
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What is C-reactive protein (CRP) used for?
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-Measures inflammation but doesn't show specific location
-Precictor for CAD & upcoming cardiac event -Not a routine test |
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Why is a chest X-ray performed?
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-To look at the size and position of the heart
-HF will present enlarged |
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What is ECG/EKG used for?
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-Looks at the electrical system of the heart
-Can help Dx MI & where it's located -3, 6, or 12 leads -If wearing a Holter monitor at home, teach pt to keep activity diet record that affect HR |
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What pt teaching should we give prior to a stress test?
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Wear comfortable shoes
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What is ejection fracture (EF)?
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Percentage of end-diastolic blood volume that is ejected during systole
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What is the normal EF?
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-Normal is 50-60%
-<50% presents a problem -<35% presents a BIG problem |
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What is an echocardiogram?
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Ultrasound used to record movement of the structures of the heart
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What pt teaching should be given prior to echo?
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-Must remain still during test
-Will feel pressure from transducer -cold gel -Painless |
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What is nuclear cardiology?
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-IV die injection of radioactive isotopes
-Gives info on myocardial contractility, perfusion & acute cell injury |
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What pt teaching should be given prior to nuclear tests?
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-Radioactive for a few hours
-May feel hot -IV needed -Must remain still for test -Test may need to be repeated |
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Why is an MRI performed?
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Looks at cardiac tissue, aneurysms, ejection fractions & CO
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What pt teaching should be given prior to MRI?
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-Safe procedure
-Must remain still -No metal (very strong magnet) -May be "open" or "closed" scanner |
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How is cardiac cath performed?
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Catheter is inserted into femoral artery (left side of heart) or a vein (right side of heart) into the heart
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What does the cardiac cath tell us?
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-O2 sat
-Pressure readings -Structure & motion of heart |
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What are 4 nursing interventions prior to cath?
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-Consent
-Iodine allergy -NPO -Sedation as ordered |
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What is the biggest concern after cath?
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HEMORRHAGE
*Assess for hemorrhage BEFORE anything else!!! |
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What are some nursing interventions after the cath?
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-Observe site for hemorrhage & hematoma
-Assess puncture site -Assess extremity for pulses -Color -Neurovascular check Q15 min for at least an hour -Pressure over insertion site -Must lay flat for 8 hours -Assist w/ eating/toileting |
