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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percentage of the BP should be lowered in hypertensive emergencies?
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25%
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Why must you be careful when lowering BPs?
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coronary, cerebra, renal ischemia
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M/c bacteria in Rheumatic fever?
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Group A strep
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What 2 valves are commonly affected in rheumatic fever?
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Aortic & mitral valve
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A pt presents with rheumatic fever. What is the next step in evaluating this pt?
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Echocardiography- to find the extent of valvular dz
Transthoracic is less invasive Transesophageal is more specific |
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DOC for rheumatic fever?
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Pcn
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Measurement that defines aneurysm?
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>3 cm
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Size indicated for aneurysm repair?
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>5cm
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Syncope, followed by abd pain?
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AAA
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What is commonly seen on xray w/ AAA?
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Calcified aorta
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Wht test can be done bedside for AAA?
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U/S
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When can you use CT in a pt w/ AAA?
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Stable pt
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Pt presents with abd pain, abd pulsatile mass, hypotension
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Triple A
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m/c complication of marfan syndrome?
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type a dissection(ascending aorta)
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M/c finding on xray for dissection?
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widened mediastinum, abnl contour
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What is the imaging study of choice in diagnosing a dissection?
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CT
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What type of dissection requires surgical intervention?
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Type A
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What is the medical intervention for dissection?
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-ve ionotropes: b-blockers (metoprolol, esmolol); nitroprusside can be used once beta blockade has been acheived
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Which of the 5 P's in acute occlusive dz tells you the time of vessel occlusion?
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Pain
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TOC for operative management in arterial occlusion?
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Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
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M/c/c of cardiogenic shock
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Acute MI
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Systolic pressure in cardiogenic shock?
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<90mmHg
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1/4 of pts w/ cardiogenic shock will have what on PE?
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murmur
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Management for cardiogenic shock
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Airway, swan-ganz catheter, fluids(careful not to overload)
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Important management in hypovolemic shock?
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Stop the bleeding, blood replacement, fluid replacement
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Erythematous warm skin, tachycardia, hypotension
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Distributive Shock
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What is beck's triad and what is it diagnostic for?
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JVD, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
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Management of cardiac tamponade?
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Pericardiocentesis
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M/c/c of cardiac tamponade?
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Penetrating trauma
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Pleuritic chest pain w/ radiation to the L trapezial ridge
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Acute pericarditis
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Pain relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
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Pericarditis
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ST elevation in all the leads
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Pericarditis
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What heart valve is commonly affected in IV drug users?
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Tricuspid valve
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The right coronary artery supplies what portion of the heart?
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Posterior and inferior wall
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The LAD supplies what portion of the heart?
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Anterior wall
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The lateral wall of the heart is supplied by what vessel?
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The circumflex & diagonal branch of the LAD
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What is the difference in pathophysiology bt dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic, restrictive?
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Dilated cardiomyopathy has systolic dysfunction(low EF). Hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy are due to diastolic dysfunction. Systolic dysfunction occurs in advanced dz of restricted cardiomyopathy.
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What is the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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Increased diastolic filling pressures bc of a stiff hypertrophied ventricle.
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What is the m/c/c of in-hospital death following MI?
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Pump failure --> cardiogenic shock
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