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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tissue Paper My Assets
Blood flow through cardiac valves |
Tricuspid
Pulmonic Mitral Aortic |
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S
P A S M S Causes of Heart Murmers |
Stenosis of a valve
Partial obstruction Aneurysms Mitral Regurgitation Septal Defect |
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What are the 2 types of murmers?
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Systolic and Diastolic
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What are the 2 types of systolic murmers?
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Crescendo-high during systole
Decrescendo-low during systole |
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What are diastolic murmers caused from?
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Pathogens
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These are symptoms of what?
Increased pulse Increased Respirations Retarded Growth Fatigue URI |
Congential Heart Defect Symptoms
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These are symptoms of what?
Epistaxis Headaches Dizziness and fainting Nose Bleeds |
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Defects
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In a acyanotic congenital heart defects cause a ___ to ___ shunt of blood
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left to right
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This congenital heart defect causes a right to left shunt of blood and causes:
Squatting Cyanosis Clubbing |
Cyanotic
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An example of a cyanotic congenital heart defect is
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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This is produced as an impulse from SA and AV junction and causes atrial contraction
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P-Wave
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This causes conduction of impulse through the bundle of his to perkinje fibers casing contraction of ventricles
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QRS Complex
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This time between artrial depolarization and the start of ventricular conduction
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PR interval
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The hearts resting period
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ST segment
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Ventricular repolarization
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T-Wave
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Formula for finding heart rate on ekg is
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Count # of "R" waves in 6 seconds and then X by ten
6 large blocks X 10=1 min rate |
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The heart must maintain an __________ metabolism
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Aerobic
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If a patient is experiencing _________ you should have them:
Sit Down Adminster High Flow Oxygen Adminster nitroglycerin Loosen constrictive clothing Maintain body |
Angina Pectoris
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These are the outcomes of a __________:
Sudden death Cardiogenic Shock Congestive Heart Failure Pulmonary Edema Cardia Dysrhythmias |
Acute Myocardial Infarction
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You do these for emergency:
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Assess patient
Sit pt down High flow 02 Continous vital signs |
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Formula for cardiac output
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Cardiac Output= Heart Rate X Stroke Volume
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Volume coming into ventricles which causes increases in hypervolemia and regurgitation of cardiac values
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Preload
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Resistance from the left ventricle which must overcome to circulate blood, which causes increased in hypertension and vasoconstriction.
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Afterload
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You treat congestive heart failure with UNLOAD FAST:
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Upright position
Nitrates Lasix Oxygen Aminophylline Digoxin Fluids Afterload Sodium restriction TESTS |
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These are the symptoms of what?
Fatigue Increased peripheral venous pressure Ascites Distended jugular veins Anorexia and complaints of GI distress Cyanosis Dependent Edema |
Right sided Heart Failure
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These are symptoms of what?
Parxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea Elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure blood tinged sputum cough orthopnea exertional dyspnea cyanosis |
Left Sided heart failure
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If a pts hair is brittle or dry you should think poor ______ possibly due to cardiac or vascular insufficiency
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Nutrition
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If vascular changes in the eyes may be a result of increased ____ _____ and cause blue-tinged conjuctiva-possible cyanosis
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Blood pressure
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If your lips are blue you should think ___________
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cyanosis
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If the tongue is dry you should think ___________
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dehydration
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If the jugular vein is distended when the client is at a 45 degree angle think __________
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hypervolemia
right sided heart failure constrictive pericarditis |
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if you auscultate the chest and hear crackles you should consider?
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Left sided heart faiulre
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If the abdomin has fluid accumulation or enlarged tender liver it may indicate?
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Right sided heart failure
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If you palpate a pulstating mass in the abdomin it may indicate
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AAA
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clubbing of nails may indicate chronic low ____ sat
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02
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Absence of hair in the lower extremeties indicates:
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poor circulation
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Ace inhibitors end in _______
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pril
Ex: Captopril Enalapril Benzapril |
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Beta blockers end in ______
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olol
Propranolol Atenolol Metaprolol |
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Examples of calicum antagonists are:
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Verapamil
Diltiazem Nifedipine |
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These are side effects of what medications:
Dizziness Orthostatic Hypotension GI Distress Cough Headache |
Ace Inhibitors
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This medication decreases peripheral vascular resistance without increase cardiac output, cardiac rate and cardiac contractility
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Ace Inhibitors
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These are side effects of what medications?
Orthostatic Hypotension Tachycardia Vertigo Sexual Dysfunction |
Adrenergic Antagonists Blockers
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Give some examples of of adrenergic antagonist blockers
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Cardura
Minipress Aldomet |
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These medications block beta receptors in the heart causing decreased heart rate, force of contraction and rate of A-V conduction
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Beta Blockers
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Some side effects of beta blockers are?
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Bradycardia
Lethargy GI Disturbance CHF decreased BP Depression |
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Beta 1 receptors affect the ?
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Heart
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Beta 2 blockers affect the ?
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Lungs
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These are symptoms of what?
Hypotension Symptoms of CHF Bradycardia Drowsiness Depression |
Adrenergic Antagonists Beta blockers
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Remember these drugs by Very Nice Drugs:
Verapamil Nifedipine Diltiazem |
Calcium antagonist
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These medications block calicum access to cells causing lowered contractility, conductivity of the heart which causes a lower demand for oxygen
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Calicum Antagonists
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Calcium antagonists cause these side effects:
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lowered BP
Bradycardia May precipitate AV block Abdomial disconfort peripheral edema |
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You check the ____ when taking coumadin
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PT
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You check ____ & _____ when taking Hearin
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PTT & APTT
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These drugs treat _____ and lower BP:
IDEA |
Isoproterenol
Dopamine Epinephrine Atropine |
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DIURETIC stands for?
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Daily Weight
I & O Urine Output Response of BP Electrolytes Take pulses Ischemic episodes Complications |
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You treat atrial fibillation with ______ and _______
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Digoxin and diuretics
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Treatment for 3rd degree heartblock is?
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Pacemaker
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Cornoary heart disease is the #1 killer of _____
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women
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Stiffing of the arterial wall
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Arteriosclerosis
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Build up of fatty deposits in the wall causing narrowing of lumen
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Artherosclerosis
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Pain in the chest
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Angina Pectoris
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These are signs and symptoms of what?
Dyspnea palpations N & V lightheadness perfussed perspiration cool pale clammy skin |
Angina
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These are signs and symptoms of what?
Dyspnea Angina Palpation Perfussed perspition irregular pulses rhythum changes indigestion Nausea and vomiting change in skin color |
CHD
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Women who are having an MI describe this kind of pain
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Scapula
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These are treatments for what?
IV medications Surgery Morphine NTG Dietary restriction |
MI
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Exessive fluid build up in the lungs other organs or body part because of inadequate cardiac muscle pumping
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Congestive Heart Failure
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CHF causes what?
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Mild to severe confusion or anxiety
Increased respiratory rate SOB Desire to sit or stand Tachycardia Abdominal distension Cyanosis Distended neck veins PINK SPUTUM |
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You give this medication to someone in CHF
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Isordil
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If someone is having difficulty breathing while in CHF give them this medication:
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Aminophylline
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This medication works at a cellular level needing to give medication in a loading dose. It doesn't do anything for electrical conduction, but it makes cells more alert to make it be more forceful
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Digoxin
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You give these kind of medicaitons to someone in CHF
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Ace inhibitors
Diuretcs for edema Potassium Betablockers |
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More _______ in the bloodstream the more fluid overload
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sodium
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Cardiomyopathy is
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Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle, also known as the myocardium, in which the actual muscle cells and surrounding tissues are sick.
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You treat cardiomyopathy with?
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Digoxin and diretics
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You want someone with cardiomyopathy to ______ as tolerated and may be put on the transplant list
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Exercise
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This disease affects children between the ages 5-15 and is secondary to a beta hemolytic strep infection
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Rhematic Heart Disease
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Rhematic heart disease causes these symptoms
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joint pain
fever rash fatigue inflammation |
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You treat rhematic disease with what medication?
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Pencillin
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What age range is Kawaskis disease?
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4-8
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What causes kawskis disease?
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Bacterial Cause
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When you check pulses you wanna make sure you ch eck the pulses _____ to where the catherizarion is done
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Distal
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You treat kawaskis disease with what?
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Aspirin
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