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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What can we say about the underlying cause of congenital heart defects?
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It is known only in 10% of defects
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What are some risk factors of getting Congenital heart defects?
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Prenatal, environmental, and genetic risk factors
Maternal rubella, insulin-dependent diabetes, alcoholism, PKU, and hypercalcemia Drugs Chromosome aberrations |
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What are some complications of congenital heart defects?
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Congestive heart failure
Hypoxemia Cyanosis Eisenmenger syndrome |
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What are Defects Increasing Pulmonary Blood Flow?
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close. PDA allows blood to shunt from the pulmonary artery to the aorta Atrial Septal Defect Abnormal communication between the atria Three major types Ostium primum defect Ostium secundum defect Sinus venosus defect Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Abnormal communication between the ventricles Most common type of congenital heart lesion Types Perimembranous VSD Muscular VSD Supracristal VSD AV canal VSD Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Abnormal communication between the ventricles Most common type of congenital heart lesion Types Perimembranous VSD Muscular VSD Supracristal VSD AV canal VSD Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Abnormal communication between the ventricles Most common type of congenital heart lesion Types Perimembranous VSD Muscular VSD Supracristal VSD AV canal VSD Tetralogy of Fallot Syndrome represented by four defects Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Overriding aorta straddles the VSD Pulmonary valve stenosis Right ventricle hypertrophy |
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What are Aortic Strenosis (obstructive defects)
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Narrowing of the aortic outflow tract
Caused by malformation or fusion of the cusps Causes an increased workload on the left ventricle |
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Explain the Transposition of the Great Arteries
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Transposition of the Great Arteries
Aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle Results in two separate, parallel circuits Unoxygenated blood circulates continuously through the systemic circulation Oxygenated blood circulates continuously through the pulmonary circulation Extrauterine survival requires communication between the two circuits |
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What are the stages of the Kawasaki Disease?
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Stages
One (0-12 days): capillaries, venules, arterioles, and the heart become inflamed Two (12-35 days): inflammation of larger vessels; coronary aneurysms appear Three (26-40 days): medium-sized arteries begin granulation process; small vessel inflammation decreases Four (day 40 and beyond): scarring of vessels, thickening of tunica intima, calcification, coronary artery stenosis |
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What are the Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease?
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Diagnosis (5 of 6 major findings)
Fever for 5 or more days (unresponsive to antibiotics) Bilateral conjunctivitis without exudation Erythema of oral mucosa (strawberry tongue) Changes in the extremities, such as peripheral edema and erythema with desquamation of palms and soles Polymorphous rash Cervical lymphadenopathy |
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Explain Systematic Hypertension
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Systemic Hypertension
Hypertension in children differs from adult hypertension Often have an underlying disease Renal disease or coarctation of the aorta A cause of the hypertension in children is almost always found Children with hypertension are commonly asymptomatic |
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What are the Characteristics and risk factors of Childhood Obesity?
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Childhood Obesity
Multivariable and multidimensional Risk factors Race, socioeconomic status, and lack of health insurance Childhood nutrition, level of physical activity, and engagement of sedentary activities (TV, computer use, etc.) Association with parental obesity |
