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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an arrythmia?
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an irregular heart rhythym
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What is the cardiac cycle?
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the contraction and relaxation of the heart
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What are the top chambers of the heart called?
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the atria
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What are the bottom chambers of the heart called?
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the ventricles
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Which side of the heart receives the deoxygenated blood through pulmonary circulation?
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the right side of the heart
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Which side of the heart receives the oxygenated blood through systemic circulation?
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the left side of the heart
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What is the SA node and what does it do?
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it is the fastest generating electrical impulse area of the heart and it sets the pace
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What do the AV node and the Purkinje Fibers do?
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they transmit the impulse
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What is a blockage by a clot called?
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an embolism
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What should be the highest readings for blood pressure for a healthy adult?
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135/85
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Which number in a blood pressure reading is the systolic pressure?
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the first number
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Which number in a blood pressure reading is the diastolic pressure?
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the second number
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What is systolic pressure?
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the value that represents the maximum pressure as the heart contracts to pump blood out
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What is diastolic pressure?
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the value that represents the minimum pressure in the artery as the heart relaxes
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What are antianginals used to treat?
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cardiac related chest pain resulting from ischemic heart disease
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What do patients with ischemic heart disease suffer from?
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a lack of oxygen and blood flow to the myocardium, heart muscle
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What type of cardiovascular agent are nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers examples of?
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antianginals
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What are antiarrhythmics used to treat?
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irregular heart rhythms
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How do antiarrhythmics work?
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they regulate the conduction activity of the heart by inhibiting abnormal pacemaker cells or recurring abnormal impulses and restoring a normal rhythm
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What type of cardiovascular agents include beta blockers and drugs that block sodium channels, potassium ion channels, and calcium channels?
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antiarrhythmics
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What are antihypertensives used to treat?
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they reduce a sustained elevation in blood pressure
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How do beta blockers help to lower blood pressure?
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they reduce cardiac output
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How do diuretics help to lower blood pressure?
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they decrease fluid volume
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How do ACE inhibitors help to lower blood pressure?
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they reduce salt and water retention and inhibit vascular constriction
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How do calcium channel blockers help to lower blood pressure?
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they relax blood vessels
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What do vasopressors do?
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they increase blood pressure
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What does LDL stand for?
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low-density lipoprotein
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What does HDL stand for?
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high-density lipoprotein
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What can excess amounts of LDL lead to?
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blocked blood vessels and cardiovascular problems
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What type of cardiovascular agent is used to treat high LDL levels?
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HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors
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What do thrombolytics do?
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they are used to dissolve blood clots
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What do anticoagulants do?
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they are used to prevent the formation of blood clots
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What is an embolus?
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blood clot
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What is alteplase?
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a thrombolytic agent
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What do beta blockers do?
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reduce the oxygen demands of the heart muscle
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What do calcium channel blockers do?
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relax the heart by reducing heart conduction
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What do diuretics do?
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decrease blood pressure by decreasing blood volume by eliminating salts and water through urination
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What do ACE inhibitors do?
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they relax the blood vessels
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What type of drugs end in -pril?
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ACE inhibitors
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What are -sartan drugs a subgroup of?
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ACE inhibitors
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What type of drugs relax and expand the blood vessels?
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vasodilators
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What type of drug is Nitroglycerin?
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an antianginal agent
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What type of drug is Nifedipine?
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an antianginal calcium channel blocker
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What type of drug is Verapamil?
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an antianginal calcium channel blocker
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What type of drugs contain the stem -olol in the name?
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beta-blockers
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How do beta-blockers work?
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they block the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine
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What type of drug contains the stem -poetin in the name?
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erythropoietins
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What does the hormone, Erythropoietin, do?
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regulates RBC production, is used in treating anemia caused by kidney failure and chemotherapy
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