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22 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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How do local anesthetics work?
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by blocking sodium channels in the axon membrane.
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What types of neurons are the easiest to block with a local anesthetic?
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Small, unmyelinated neurons are blocked more rapidly than large, myelinated neurons.
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What sensations to local anesthetics block?
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Perception of heat and cold may be affected by local anesthetics. Local anesthetics block the sensation of deep pressure but not as an initial response.
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Which of the three types of peripheral nerves do Local Anesthetics effect? (autonomic, motor, sensory)
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Local anesthetics block conduction in motor nerves as well as sensory nerves.
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What are the two types of local anesthetics?
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amide-type and ester-type
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What type of local aneesthetic is Lidocaine and what is a distingushing characteristic of it relative to ester's?
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Amide-type anesthetics (eg, lidocaine) rarely cause allergic reactions and are inactivated by enzymes in the liver.
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What determines the termination of the local anesthesia?
What effect would coadministratoin of epinephrine or a vassoconstrictor do? |
in large part by regional blood flow.
Hence, coadministration of epinephrine, a vasoconstrictor, will prolong anesthesia |
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What can result if Local anesthetic toxicity occurs?
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• Local anesthetics can be absorbed in amounts sufficient to cause systemic toxicity and can suppress excitability in the myocardium and conduction system.
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When Local Anesthetic toxicity occurs and the hearts excitability is suppressed?
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Principal concerns are cardiac depression (heart block), vasodilation (Hypotension), and central nervous system (CNS) excitation followed by depression and potentially cardiac arrest..
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Where are Ester-type local anesthetics metabolized?
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Ester-type local anesthetics are metabolized in the blood by enzymes known as esterases.
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Where are Amide-type anesthetics metabolized.
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in the liver.
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What effect can local anesthetics have on vasculature?
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is relaxes muscle to a degree that it can cause hypotension.
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What effect can Local Anesthetics have on a pregnancy?
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Local anesthetics can cross the placenta, causing bradycardia and CNS depression in the neonate.
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With topical local anesthetics what do you have to be concious when applying the anesthetic?
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Apply to the smallest area possible.
Abrasions and spreading it on a larger surface area will increase the absorption of the drug. Also drug absorption occurs more quickly through mucus membranes. |
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What is the prototype for amide-type anesthetics?
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Lidocaine
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How does a dose of Lidocaine compare to a dose of Procaine?
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Anesthesia from lidocaine is more rapid, more intense, and more prolonged than with an equal dose of procaine.
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Why is Epinephrine often administered concurrently with Lidocaine?
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Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction and reduces blood flow to an area. It delay systemic absorption of the anesthetic, which results in prolonged anesthesia and a reduced risk of toxicity.
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What is surface anesthesia?
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Surface anesthesia is accomplished by applying the anesthetic directly to the skin or a mucous membrane
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T/F Topical anesthetics be absorbed in amounts sufficient to produce systemic toxicity?
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true
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What does a patient need to be monitored for after receiving Local anesthetics?
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reduced heart rate (bradycardia and heart block)
hypotension respiratory depression possibility of cardiac arrest if there has been accidental injection into an artery. |
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What types of drugs should Cocaine specifically not be given with?
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Vasoconstrictors
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What precaution should be taken in order to prepare should an emergency occur when a patient is under local anesthetic?
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IV line should be in place prior to admin of drug in case of emergency
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