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Viral pathogenesis
The sum of the effects on the host due to virus replication AND
the host immune response
incubation period
the interval between
acquisition of infection
and onset of illness.
generation time
the
interval between
acquisition of infection
and transmission to
another person.
successful initiation of infection
sufficient virus count
cells at the site of infection
host immune response
viremia
the presence of infectious
viral particles in the blood.
measure viral virulence
the concentration of death or infections in 50% in infected animals
mean time of death or symptoms
measurement of fever or weight loss
viral virulence vary by
dose of infection
route of infection
species, age, susceptibility
tissue tropism
means of control
quarantine
vector elimination
immunization
antiviral
establishment of persistent infection
modulation of adaptive response
direct infection of cells in immune system
infections of tissues with reduced immune surveillance
3 types of infections
latent, productive, abortive
polarized viral spread: release at apical membranes
localized or limited infection
polarized viral spread: release at basal membranes
disseminated or systemic
secondary viremia
travels through the bloodstream to infect other organs
examples of BBV
blood-borne viruses: HBV, HCV, HIV
viruses that can infect neural cells are called:
neurotropic virus (alphaherpesviruses)
viruses replicate in the gut
enterotropic virus (rotavirus)
viruses replicate in many cells types and tissues
pantropic virus
parameters for tropism
susceptibility
permissivity
accessibility
local defense response
shedding
release of infectious viruses from infected host
transmission
viruses spread from one susceptible host to another
route of transmission
respiratory
saliva
blood
semen
milk
feces
urine
skin lesions
viral diseases shared by human and animals or insects
zoonoses (rabies, dengue, west nile virus)
reservoirs
the source of infectious virus
vector
another organism serves as the intermediate in the spread of disease
vertical transmission
transfer of viruses between parent and offspring
horizontal transmission
all other forms (direct host to host transmission)
parameters of viral epidemiology
mechanisms of viral transmission
factor that promote it
risk factors
means of control
chronic infection
continuous infection
establishment of latency
main problem with acute infection
patient has already pass on the infection before symptoms emerge
difficult to control in large pop.
effective antiviral drug therapy requires early intervention
successful establishment of persistent infection requires
modulation of adaptive immune response
direct infection of cells of immune system
infections of tissues with reduced immune surveillance
viral diseases with long incubation periods
rabies
HIV and AIDS