- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Archetypes
|
According to Jung, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning.
|
|
Behavioral genetics
|
An interdisciplinary field that studies the influence of genetic factors on behavioral traits.
|
|
Behaviorism
|
A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior.
|
|
Biopsychosocial model
|
A model of illness that holds that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
|
|
Collective unconscious
|
According to Jung, a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past.
|
|
Compensation
|
According to Adler, efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities.
|
|
Conflict
|
A state that occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression.
|
|
Conscious
|
Whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time.
|
|
Defense mechanisms
|
Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt.
|
|
Displacement
|
Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target.
|
|
Drive
|
An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tension.
|
|
Ego
|
According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle.
|
|
Extraverts
|
People who tend to be interested in the external world of people and things.
|
|
Factor analysis
|
Statistical analysis of correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters of variables.
|
|
Fixation
|
According to Freud, failure to move forward from one psychosexual stage to another as expected.
|
|
Frustration
|
The feeling that people experience in any situation in which their pursuit of some goal is thwarted.
|
|
1. Health psychology
|
The subfield of psychology concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness.
|
|
Hierarchy of needs
|
Maslow's systematic arrangement of needs according to priority, which assumes that basic needs must be met before less basic needs are aroused.
|
|
Hindsight bias
|
The tendency to mold one's interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out.
|
|
Id
|
According to Freud, the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle.
|
|
Identification
|
Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group.
|
|
Incongruence
|
The degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience.
|
|
Introverts
|
People who tend to be preoccupied with the internal world of their own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
|
|
Model
|
A person whose behavior is observed by another.
|
|
Motivated forgetting
|
Purposeful suppression of memories.
|
|
Need for self-actualization
|
The need to fulfill one's potential.
|
|
Oedipal complex
|
According to Freud, children's manifestation of erotically tinged desires for their opposite-sex parent, accompanied by feelings of hostility toward their same-sex parent.
|
|
Person perception
|
The process of forming impressions of others.
|
|
Personal unconscious
|
According to Jung, the level of awareness that houses material that is not within one's conscious awareness because it has been repressed or forgotten.
|
|
Personality tests
|
Psychological tests that measure various aspects of personality, including motives, interests, values, and attitudes.
|
|
Personality trait
|
A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations.
|
|
Phenomenological approach
|
The assumption that one must appreciate individuals' personal, subjective experiences to truly understand their behavior.
|
|
Pleasure principle
|
According to Freud, the principle upon which the id operates, demanding immediate gratification of its urges.
|
|
Preconscious
|
According to Freud, the level of awareness that contains material just beneath the surface of conscious awareness that can easily be retrieved.
|
|
Projection
|
Attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another.
|
|
Projective tests
|
Psychological tests that ask subjects to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal the subjects' needs, feelings, and personality traits.
|
|
Psychoanalytic theory
|
A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.
|
|
Psychodynamic theories
|
All the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud that focus on unconscious mental forces.
|
|
Psychosexual stages
|
According to Freud, developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality.
|
|
Punishment
|
An event that follows a response that weakens or suppresses the tendency to make that response.
|
|
Rationalization
|
Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior.
|
|
Reaction formation
|
Behaving in a way that's exactly the opposite of one's true feelings.
|
|
Reality principle
|
According to Freud, the principle on which the ego operates, which seeks to delay gratification of the id's urges until appropriate outlets and situations can be found.
|
|
Reciprocal determinism
|
The assumption that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behavior all influence each other.
|
|
Regression
|
A reversion to immature patterns of behavior.
|
|
Rehearsal
|
The process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information to be stored in memory.
|
|
Reinforcement contingencies
|
The circumstances or rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation of reinforcers.
|
|
Reliability
|
The measurement consistency of a test (or of other kinds of measurement techniques).
|
|
Repression
|
Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious.
|
|
Response set
|
A tendency to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the content of the questions.
|
|
Self-actualizing persons
|
People with exceptionally healthy personalities, marked by continued personal growth.
|
|
Self-concept
|
A collection of beliefs about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior.
|
|
Self-efficacy
|
One's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes.
|
|
Self-esteem
|
A person's overall assessment of her or his personal adequacy or worth.
|
|
Self-monitoring
|
The degree to which people attend to and control the impression they make on others in social interactions.
|
|
Self-report inventories
|
Personality tests that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their characteristic behavior.
|
|
Sensation seeking
|
A generalized preference for high or low levels of sensory stimulation.
|
|
Social desirability bias
|
A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
|
|
Striving for superiority
|
According to Adler, the universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life's challenges.
|
|
Superego
|
According to Freud, the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong.
|
|
Unconscious
|
According to Freud, thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.
|
