Chapter 15:The Atmosphere

The _______ is the mixture of gases surrounding the earth.

The Atmosphere is __% nitrogen,21% _____,about 1% ______ and .04% ______ _____,with traces of other gases.

The amount of water _____ in the air (the _____) varies from __ to 4%.

Name 4 particles found in air:

Astmospheric _______ is produced by the weight of air pushing down.It's about __._ibs/in2, 1 atmosphere,___ mm of mercury,or 30 in. of mercury.This is called ______ pressure

As one goes higher in the atmosphere,pressure becomes _____ and air gets_____.

There r __ layers to the atmosphere.
1)The _______,the warm layer nearest the earth,about __ miles thick, containing __% of the atmosphere's mass.This air is constantly moving & is where the earth's _______ occurs.

Name several thing's found almost exclusively in the troposphere:

Above his layer is the cold,clear ________ which extends from about 7 miles to about 30 miles above sea level.

In the upper stratosphere is the ____ layer.Ozone is a form of _______with the formula ___.It protects us by absorbing harmful Ultra violent ____ from the sun.

The middle layer is the ______,from __ to 50 miles abov sea level.It has the _____ temp. with temp. as low as ___ Celsius.

Above the mesosphere is a layer of very thin,but very ____ (Temp.=1000 Celsius) because of the absorption of energy from sun by ______ and oxygen molecules.

Little of the mesosphere energy if transferred to earth because of molecules being so far apart.The thermosphere also contains a layer of electrically charged paricles called _________,where the Aurora ____,or Northern Lights,take place.

The ionosphere also reflects __ radio waves,but not __ radio waves.That's why we can pick up AM stations from _______ _____ than FM, especially at night.

Why is reception better at night for AM?

Energy such as heat and electromagnetic radiation are transmitted by 3 methods:
1)_______ is the transmission of energy by electromagnetic waves.This is the only way energy can pass thru _____, and is how the sun's energy reaches the earth.Sunlight takes about __ min. to reach us,and only about __ billionths of it's energy strikes earth.

Energy such as heat and electromagnetic radiation are transmitted by 3 methods:
2)_______ is the transfer of heat energy btw objects that ______.

Energy such as heat and electromagntic radiation are transmitted by 3 methods:
3)_______ is the transfer of heat energy by wind and water currents.

Of the solar energy that strikes earth,__% is reflected by the atmosphere,__% absorbed by the atmosphere,__% is absorbed by earth's surface,and __% reflected by earth's surface.That absorbed is changed to _____ energy.

Convection is caused by the rising of warm air and the ______ of cold air, producing a ________ current.

A total of __% of sun's energy striking the earth is absorbed by atmosphere or earth and changed into _____.The earth retains the heat because of its relatively thick ________.The most important gas in absoring heat is ______ dioxide, though it makes up only __% of air.

The absorbing of heat by CO2 & some other gases produve the __________ Effect.An increase of CO2 in the atmosphere may cause _____ ______.What is being done that tends to increase CO2 in the atmosphere?

What are some things that may result from global warming of only a few degrees?

The movement of air is called ____ & is caused by difffence in atmopheric ______ produced by uneven ______ of earth.

Warm air ___,cold air ____.Therefore air at the equator is hot in temp.,____ dense,and _____,while that at the poles is cooler in temp.,more dense,&______.The denser air near the poles has ______ pressure.This means warm air flows toward the poles,cold ari flows toward the ______.

Actually, air movement toward & away from the equator forms several circular patterns called ________ cells,btw which are bands of low & high pressure every ___ degrees called ______ belts.

There r low pressure belts at the equator and the ____ & _______ circles,high pressure belts at the _______ of Cance and Tropic of ______.

The curving of wind patterns caused by earth's rotation is the _____ effect.Windds traveling north curve _______(clockwise),those traveling south curve ________(counterclockwise)

Remember to do the graphs

The trade winds r names because ______ used them to travel from Europe to the Americas.In the doldrums & the horse latitude, winds r very _____.

The word doldrums means _______,________,,while the horse latitudes r named because horses were thrown over ______ here to save drinking water for the men.

____ Streams r belts of high-altitude winds in lower stratosphere & upper troposphere that move at speeds up to _____ miles per hour.They move West to _____ & help east bound planes cut 30 min. off a trip across the U.S.

_____ breezes occur during the day along the coast where air over ____ is heated faster than that over ______,causing it to ______.

Cooler denser air from over the _____ moves to replace it,blowing toward ______.

At night, the above process reverses,as air over _____ cools faster,becomes denser,and moves toward the ocean producing a ______ breeze.

During day in a mountainous area warm air tends to move ___ slopes,creating a ______ breeze,while at night a ________ breeze moves back down the slopes.

In 1952, a "killer" fog occured in _______,killing thousands due to ________ it contained.

Pollutants that r put directly into the air r _______ Pollutants
Name 5:

Pollutants formed when primary pollutants react with natural substances in the air r ________ pollutants._____(03) is produced when _________ reacts with vehicle pollutants.

______ is a mixture of vehicle ________ & ______ around large cities.

Name 5 sources of air pollution!

Name some sources of indoor air pollution!

Name some harmful effects of air pollution on humans!!

The Combinig of _________ and ________ oxides with precipitation forms _____ rain.Name some serious effects of acid precipitation:

Pollutants called ___'s react with the ozone in the air that protects us from Ultra VIolent ____ from the sun.By the 1980's there was a "ozone ______" in the ozone layer over__________.

Whar is being done about the ozone hole?

2 chemicals that contain chlorofluorocarbons r ______ use in spray cans & _____ used in refrigerators & air conditions.

What effect has reduction of use of CFC's had?

The Clean _____ Act gives the ___ authority to control air pollution,companies who pollute must pay ______.