Chapter 3 Liberalism

Conditions in which all par- ticipants in exchanges become better off; the question is “Will we both gain?”. Be sure you know the difference between absolute and rel- ative gains.

A security regime agreed to by the great powers that sets rules for keep- ing peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any one state will be met by a collective response from the rest.

A model of world politics based on the assumptions that states are not the only important actors, security is not the dominant national goal, and mili- tary force is not the only significant instru- ment of foreign policy; this theory stresses cross-cutting ways in which the growing ties among transnational actors make them vul- nerable to each other’s actions and sensitive to each other’s needs.

Geostrategic issues of national and international security that pertain to mat- ters of war and peace.

A body of rules, regu- lations and norms agreed upon by states that help establish shared expectations and thus work together to manage shared problems, because long-term benefits to all are expected even though short-term relative losses may be encountered.

Aparadigmpredicatedonthehope the application of reason and universal ethics to international relations can lead to a more orderly, just, and cooperative world; assumes that anarchy and war can be policed by institu- tional reforms that empower international or- ganizations and law.

A model that retains the basic assumptions of realism (see secti 2.2) yet show that anarchy does not necessar- ily lead to conflict; rather, cooperation is pos- sible.

the category of global issues re- lated to the economic, social, demographic, and environmental aspects of relations be- tween governments and people.

Direct interac- tions between bureaucracies in different coun- tries, without going through heads of state.

Interactions between societal actors across nation-states.

Manytypesofactorsareimportantandnosin- gle issue dominates.
Actoroftenhavecommoninterests,whichcan serve as the basis for cooperation.
Conflict is not inevitable but occurs when ac- tors fail to recognize or act upon common in- terests.
International institutions facilitate coopera- tion by setting out rules, providing informa- tion, and creating procedures for collective decision-making.
International institutions are most likely to act in issue areas that offer gains from cooperation.