- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
All victims of hypothermia should have the following care:
|
*remove wet garments
*protect against further heat loss(apply blankets, insulating materials, moisture barriers) *Maintain pt in horizontal position *avoid rough handling(can trigger dysrhythmias) *monitor core temp *monitor cardiac rhythm p1419 |
|
Warm blankets, heat packs, IV fluid heaters, warmed IV fluids (95-100 deg) are examples of
|
Active rewarming
p1419 |
|
Active rewarming of severely hypothermic pt is best done in
|
the hospital using a prearranged protocol
p1419 |
|
Most pts who die during the rewarming die from ?
|
V-FIB
p1419 |
|
Rewarming shock is caused by reflux peripheral vasodilation, what happens during this process?
|
Reflux peripheral vasodilation causes the return of cool blood and acids from the extremities to the core which will cause a decrease in core temp and possible acidosis
p1421 |
|
Cold diuresis causes volume _____
|
depletion
p1421 |
|
BLS resuscitation for Cold Disorders
|
*immediate CPR
*If AED is avail, a single shock can be given (if Advised), further shocks should be avoided after rewarming to above 86degF *CPR, rewarming, and rapid transport should immediately follow defib attempt p1421 |
|
ALS resuscitation for Cold Disorders
|
*intubate pt and ventilate w/ warm humidified O2
*Drug metabolism is reduced, so meds may remain in the peripheral circulation at toxic levels(when pt is rewarmed and perfusion resumes toxic levels may enter the central circulation) *AHA recommends if pt fails to respond to defib attempts and initial drug therapy, HOLD OFF on more meds and defin attempts until core temp is 86F. *Warmed IV fluids should be injused centrally at 150-200mL/hour p1421 |
|
Gentle transport is necessary due to ________
|
Myocardial Irritability
p1422 |
|
Name the 2 types of frostbite:
|
*Superficial(frostnip)-freezing of epidermal tissue, initial redness, blanching, diminished sensation
*Deep frostbite- freezong of epidermal and subcutaneous layers, white appearance, area feels hard, loss of sensation p1422 |
|
Treatment of frostbite
|
*Do not thaw afected area if possibility of refreezing
*Do not massage area or rub with snow *Administer analgesia prior to thawing *Transport to hospital for rewarming by immersion *cover thawed part by loose, DRY, sterile dressing *elevate and immobilize thawed part *Do not puncture or drain blisters *Do not rewarm frozen feet if requried to walk in hazardous situation p1422-23 |
|
Trench foot (immersion foot) is similar to ____, but it occurs at temps above freezing
|
Frostbite
*symptons are similar , but there may be pain p1423 |
|
Treatment for Trench foot
|
Warm, dry, and elevate the feet
*Measurements to avoid trench foot are to avoid prolonge exposure to standing water, change wet socks frequently, never sleep in wet socks or boots p1423 |
|
Whats the difference between drowning and near-drowning?
|
Drowning- death occured w/in 24 hours of submersion
Near-drowning- death either did not occur or occured more than 24 hours after submersion p1423 |
|
___ people die annually due to drowning
|
4500
p1423 |
|
40% of accidental drowning deaths occur in children under _ years old
|
5
1423 |
|
85% of drowning victims are ____, and ____ of these do not know how to swim
|
Male
two-thirds p1423 |
|
Following submersion, if the victim is conscious, he will undergo a period of complete apnea for up to ___ minutes
|
3
p1423 |
|
When the victim is apneic, the PaCO2 in the blood rises to greater than ___mmHg, and the PaO2 of the blood falls below ___ mmHg
|
50
50 p1423 |
|
What is the difference between DRY vs WET drowning
|
DRY- 10% of drownings, a severe laryngospasm prevents water into the lungs
WET- the laryngospasm does not occur and a large amt of water enter the lungs p1424 |
|
Persistent anoxia results in a deep coma, reflux swallowing continues causing gastric distention and increased risk of vomiting and aspiration, if untreated _____, _____, and death will occur in a short period
|
hypotension
bradycardia p1424 |
|
Freshwater VS Saltwater drowning
*There are physiological differences but mechanistic differences make NO difference in prehospital management |
Freshwater-washes away surfactant, alveoli collapse, V-FIB usually occurs
Saltwater- draws fluid from bloodstream, Pulmonary edema occurs p1424 |
|
Factors affecting drowning or near drowning survival rates
|
*cleanliness of water
*length of time submerged *age *general health of victim p1424 |
|
Some pts in cold water (below 68F) can be resucitated after ___ minutes or more in cardiac arrest
|
30
p1424 |
|
Mammalian diving reflex basically states that the colder the water, the more ____ is diverted to the heart and _____
|
Oxygen
brain p1425 |
|
The initial field treatment for near drowning must be directed toward correcting the profound _____
|
hypoxia
p1425 |
|
All near drowning pts should be admitted to the hospital since complications may not appear for _____ hours
|
24
p1426 |
|
What is one of the more severe postresuscitation complications, with a high rate of mortality
|
ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome)-lungs leak fluids into the alveoli loaded with chemical factors causing severe inflammation and resp. failure
p1426 |
|
Possible complications to postresusctation near drowning incidents
|
*destruction of surfactant
*aspiration pneumonitis *pneumothorax *renal failure *hypoxia *hypercarbia *mixed metabolic and resp. acidosis *pulmonary parenchymal injury p1426 |
