Chapter 4 Geography of Language

Mutually agreed on system of symbolic communication that has a spoken and usually a written expression

Distinctive local or regional variants of a language that remain mutually intelligible to speakers of other dialects of that language. a subtype of that language

A composite language consisting of a small vocabulary borrowed from the linguistic groups involved in international commerce.

language derived from a pidgin language that has acquired a fuller vocabulary and become the native language of it's speakers

An existing, well est. language of communication and commerce used widely where it is not a mother tongue

The ability to speak tow languages fluently

Groups of related languages derived from a common ancestor

A mixture of different languages

The borders of usage of an individual word or pronunciation

Words and phrases that are not part of a standard, recognized vocabulary for a given language but that are nonetheless used and understood by some of it's speakers

theory of language diffusion, which hold that the spread of indo european languages originated with animal domestication, originated int he central asian steppes and was later more violent and swifter than proponents of the Anatolian hypothesis maintain.

areas protected by isolation or inhospitable environmental conditions in which specific languages or dialects have survived.

Those places on Earth that are home to the most unique, misunderstood or endangered languages.

Place Names, usually consisting of two parts, the generic and the specific

the descriptive pats of many place names, often repeated throughout a cultural area