Chapter 6- Neurobiology

Describing neurons or synapses that produce and release acetylcholine

Describing neurons or synapses that produce and release norepinephrine

Describing neurons or synapses that produce and release glutamate

Describing neurons or synapses that produce and release gamma-aminobutyric add

Describing neurons or synapses that produce and release peptide neurotransmitters

An anatomical method that uses antibodies to study the location of molecules within cells

A method for localizing strands of messenger RNA within cells

A method for visualizing sites of radioactive emissions in tissue sections

A method of applying drugs and neurotransmitters in very small quantities to cells

One of several receptors to which a neurotransmitter binds

A class of acetylcholine-gated ion channel found in various locations, notably at the neuromuscular junction

A subtype of acetylcholine receptor that is G-protein-coupled

A subtype of glutamate receptor; a glutamate-gated ion channel that is permeable to Na+ and K+

A subtype of glutamate receptor; a glutamate-gated ion channel that is permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Inward ionic current through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is voltage dependent because of a magnesium block at negative membrane potentials

A subtype of glutamate receptor; a glutamate-gated ion channel that is permeable to Na+ and K+

A method that uses radioactive receptor ligands (agonists or antagonists) to locate neurotransmitter receptors

The idea that a neuron has a unique identity with respect to neurotransmitter

One of two or more different neurotransmitters that are released from a single presynaptic nerve terminal

An amine that serves as a neurotransmitter at many synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems, including the neuromuscular junction

A membrane protein that transports neurotransmitters, or their precursors, across membranes to concentrate them in either presynaptic cytosol or synaptic vesicles

In series of biochemical reactions that leads to the production of a chemical, the one step that limits the rate of synthesis

The neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

A catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized from dopa

A catecholamine nenurotransmitter synthesized from dopamine, also called noradrenaline

A catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized from norepinephrinel also called adrenaline

A chemical precursor of dopamine and the other catecholamines

An amine neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine

Describing neurons and synapses that produce and release serotonin

An amino acid; the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

An amino acid; an inhibitory neurotransmitter at some locations in the central nervous system

An amino acid synthesized from glutamate; the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

A natural (endogenous) chemical that binds to, and activates, cannabinoid (CB) receptors

Any chemical messenger that communicated information from the postsynaptic side of a synapse to the presynaptic side

A gas produced from the amino acid arginine that serves as an intercellular messenger

A class of drugs with antianxiety, sedative, muscle-relaxing, and anticonvulsant effects; acts by binding to GABA receptors and prolonging their inhibitory actions

A class of drugs with sedative, general anesthetic, and anticonvulsant effects; barbituates act in part by binding to GABA receptors and prolonging their inhibitory actions

A multistep process that couples activation of a neurotransmitter receptor to activation of intracellular enzymes

A protein kinase activated by the second messenger cAMP

An enzyme that cleaves the membrane phospholipid phosphatudylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate to form the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3)

A second messenger molecule formed by the action of phospholipase C on the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate, DAG activates the enzyme protein kinase C

A second messenger molecule formed by the action of phospholipase C on the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate. IP3 causes the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores

A protein kinase activated by the second messenger DAG

A protein kinase activated by elevations of internal Ca2+ concentration

An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins