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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Geology
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the study of the structure of planet Earth and the forces that make and shape the Earth
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Erosion
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occurs when running water, ice, or wind break down rocksw and carry the pieces away
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Uniformitarianism
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states that the geologic processes that operate today also operated in the past
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Igneous Rocks
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forms when molten material from beneath Earth's surface cools and hardens
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Sedimentary Rocks
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made of sediments that have been deposited and then pressed together to form solid rock
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Metamorphic Rocks
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forms when and existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
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Rock Cycle
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a series of processes on and beneath Earth's surface that slowly change rocks from one kind to another
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Magma
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molten material beneath Earth's surface
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Lava
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liquid magma that reaches Earth's surface
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Relative Age
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a rocks age compared to the ages of other rocks
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Absolute Age
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the number of years since the rock formed
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Law of Superposition
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to determine the relative ages of sedimentary rock layers
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Extrusion
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hardened lava on Earth's surface
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Intrusion
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when magma cools and hardens into a mass of igneous rock
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Fault
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a break in Earth's crust
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Unconformity
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the surface where new rock layers meet a much older tock surface beneath them
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Inclusion
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a piece of rock that is contained in another rock
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Index Fossil
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fossils of widely distributed organisms that lived during only one short period
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Who first proposed the principle of unifromitarianism?
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James Hutton (a Scottish doctor & farmer)
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How does uniformitarianism help geologists understand Earth's history?
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it helps them understand Earth's history by telling them what happend in the past and why it happened
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What are the 3 types of rocks?
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- igneous rock
- sedimentary rock - metamorphic rock |
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How does the rock cycle relate to the principle of uniformitarianism?
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these 2 terms relate to each other by them both being geoligical processes
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How do geologists determine the relative age of rocks?
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they study extrusions and intrusions of igneous rocks, faults, gaps in the geologic record, and inclusions
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How are index fossils useful to geologists?
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they tell relative ages of the rock layers in which they occur
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What characteristics must a fossil have to be useful as an index fossil?
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must be widely distributed and repesent a type of organism that existed only in a short amount of time
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What layers are the oldest, the top or the bottom?
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the bottom layers are the oldest
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