Chemistry - Chapter 5 Vocab Flash Cards

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Title: Chemistry - Chapter 5 Vocab
Description: Principles of General Chemistry by Silberberg, second edition: Chapter 5 Vocabulary
Number of Cards: 23
Save Count: 0
Author: kkpeltzer7
Created: 2009-10-04
Tags: ch1001 chemistry vocabulary year1
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • pressure
    • the force exterted per unit of surface area
    • barometer
    • a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. most commonly a tube open at one end, which is filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury
    • pascal
    • the SI unit of pressure

      Pa
    • standard atmosphere
    • atm

      the average atmospheric pressure measured at sea level, defined as 1.01325 X 10^5 Pa
    • millimeter of mercury
    • mmHg

      a unit of pressure based on the difference in the heights of mercury ina barometer or manometer
    • torr
    • a unit of pressure identical to 1 mmHg
    • ideal gas
    • a hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships amon volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximated by simple gases at ordinary conditions
    • Boyle's Law
    • the gas law stating that, at constant temperature and amount of gas, the volume occupied by a gas is inversly proportional to the applied (external) pressure
    • Charles's Law
    • the gas law stating that, at a constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
    • Avogadro's Law
    • the gas law stating that, at fixed temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any ideal gas contain equal numbers of particles, and, therefore, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its amount (mol)
    • standard temperature and pressure
    • STP

      the reference conditions for a gas: 0 degrees C (273.15 K) and 1 atm (760 torr)
    • standard molar volume
    • the volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure

      22.4141 L
    • ideal gas law
    • an equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature and amount (mol) of an ideal gas

      PV = nRT
    • universal gas constant
    • R

      a proportionally constant that relates the energy, amount of substance, and temperature of a system

      R = 0.082057 atm*L/mol*k
      R = 8.31447 J/mol*K
    • partial pressure
    • the portion of the total pressure contributed by a gas in a mixture of gases
    • Dalton's law of partial pressures
    • a gas law stating that, in a mixture of unreacting gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases:

      Ptotal = P1 + P2 +P3 ...
    • mole fraction
    • X

      a concentration term expressed as the ratio of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles present
    • kinetic - molecular theory
    • the model that explains gas behavior in terms of particles in random motion whose volumes and interactions are negligible
    • Rms speed
    • the speed of a molecule having the average kinetic energy; very close to the most probable speed
    • effusion
    • the process by which a gas escapes from its container through a tiny hole into an evacuated space
    • Graham's Law of effusion
    • a gas law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversly proportional to the square root of its density (or molar mass)
    • diffusion
    • the movement of one fluid through another
    • Van der Waals equation
    • an equation that accounts for the behavior of real gases