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miscible or immiscible:
water and vinegar
miscible
miscible or immiscible:
water and oil
immiscible
Which of these tends to decrease the rate of solubility as it increases?
a) surface area
b) concentration
c) agitation
d) temperature
b) concentration

(the others tend to increase the rate of solubility as they increase)
what's the molarity formula
M= moles solute/ L solution
a beam of light will scatter in a __________. this is called the _______ effect
colloidal dispersion; Tyndall effect
What are the 4 colligative properties (meaning what effects do more particles of solute have?)
1. Vapor pressure reduction
2. Freezing point depression
3. boiling point elevation
4. osmotic pressure
______'s Law:
when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, the vapor pressure _______ in proportion to the concentration of the solute
Raoult; decreases
Which two colligative properties decrease as more solute is added?
Vapor pressure
Freezing point
Which two colligative properties increase as more solute is added?
boiling point
osmotic pressure
Formula for *molality*
m=mol/kg
note the little m
measure of the molarity times the number of particles (as in, NaCl has 2 particles when dissolved)
osmolarity
What is the osmolarity of 0.3 M of MgCl2?
0.9 OsM
What is the osmolarity of 0.3 M of glucose?
0.3 OsM
0.9% (w/v) saline and 5% (w/v) glucose are both ______ to red blood cells because the solutions have the roughly the same ________
osmolarity
Crenation occurs when cells are surrounded by a _________ solution
hypertonic
m/v percentage uses __ for mass and __ for volume
g; mL
grams of water must be added to 10.0 g of Ca(NO3)2 in order to prepare a 25.0% (m/m) solution?
30g (remember you are dividing mass of solute by *total mass* of solution)