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19 Cards in this Set

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Define "energy"
Energy is the capacity to do work.
Define "work"
Work is force acting across a distance.
Define "heat"
Heat is the flow of energy caused by a temperature difference.
Define "kinetic energy"
Energy due to motion.
Define "potential energy"
Energy due to position or composition.
Define "thermal energy"
A type of kinetic energy. This energy is associated with temperature. I.E: the greater the temperature, the more movement in the molecules; therefore the greater the KE.
Define "chemical energy"
A type of potential energy. This energy is associated with positions of electrons and nuclei.
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
Describe the relationship between the energy of a system and surroundings. Why?
Law of Conservation of Energy. The change in energy of a system equals the change in energy of the surroundings. A negative sign is placed before the surroundings.
When referring to thermochemistry calculations, what are the SI units of: a) mass b) velocity c) energy
a) kilograms kg
b) meter/second m/s
c) Joules (kg*m^2/s^2)
First Law of Thermodynamics
The total energy of the universe is constant.
Formula for kinetic energy (general)
KE = (1/2)mv^2
Define "Internal Energy"
IE = the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles that compose the system.

*state function*
Formula for the change in internal energy in a system from a chemical reaction.
Change in IE = Eproducts - Ereactants
Formula for the change in internal energy in a system using heat and work.
Change in IE = q + w

q = heat
w = work
Define "heat capacity"
The quantity of heat required to change it's temperature 1 degree Celsius.
Formula for heat (q) using heat capacity.
q = heat capacity (C) x change in temperature (celsius)

*can be rearranged to solve for heat capacity*
Formula for heat (q) using specific heat capacity.
q = mass (grams) x specific heat capacity (from table) x change in temperature.

q = m x Cspecific x delta T
Formula for work regarding pressure and volume.
w = - P x change in volume