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25 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Atom
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A chemical unit which is the smallest particle of an element still retaining its properties
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Element
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A pure substance composed of only one type of atom. It is any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance
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A = Mass number
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Protons + Neutrons
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Z = Atomic number
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Number of protons
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Isotope
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Two or more atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons
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Atomic Weight/ Molar Mass (MM or M)
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The average mass of an element
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Mole
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The quantity of a substance whose mass, in grams, is equal to its formula weight. Ex: Iron (Fe) has a formula, or molecular, weight of 55.85 grams. One mole of iron would be 55.85 grams.
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Alkali metals
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Group 1A elements, soft, metallic solids with low densities and low melting points
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Alkaline earth metals
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Group 2A elements, harder, more dense, and melt at higher temps than alkali metals
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Chalcogens
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Group 6A elements
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Halogens
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Group 7A elements, highly reactive
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Noble gases
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Group 8A elements, non-reactive, all gases at room temp; inert gases
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Ions
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A charged particle
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Cation
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A positively charged ion, they will move to the cathode (the negatively charged terminal) when in solution. Significantly smaller than neutral atom counterparts
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Anion
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A negatively charged ion they will move to the anode (the positively charged terminal) when in solution. The added electron to an outer shell makes the anion much larger
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Ionization energy
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The energy necessary to detach an electron from a nucleus
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First ionization energy
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Energy required to detach an electron from a neutral atom
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Electronegativity
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The tendency of an atom to attract an electron in a bond that it shares with another atom
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Electron affinity
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The willingness of an atom to accept an additional electron; the energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom
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Five periodic trends
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(To the right and up)
Energy of Ionization Electron Affinity Electronegativity (To the left and down) Atomic Radius Metallic Character |
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Covalent bond
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Sharing electrons by atoms
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Ionic bond
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Transfer of electrons by atoms
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Bond dissociation energy/ Bond energy
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The energy necessary to separate two atoms
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Empirical formula
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A chemical formula that indicates the relative proportions of the elements in a molecule rather than the actual number of atoms of the elements
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Molecule
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The smallest physical unit of an element or compound
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