Chest sj

Junction line that extends to the apics and is vertical.
Made of 4 layers of pleura apposed to one another

Junction line that doesn't extend above the clavicles and is oblique.
Made of 4 layers of pleura apposed to one another

Seen more commonly than the posterior junction line

Junction line below the aortic arch, where the RLL contacts the right wall of the esophagus and the azygos vein.

Carcinoid
Squamous cell ca
Papilloma
Adenoid cystic
Mucoepidermoid
Foreign body

hemopericardum
malignant effusion
purulent effusion
effusion assocated with hypothyroidism

osteosarc
chondrosarc
synovial sarc
GCT
colon ca
ovarian ca
breast ca
treated choriocarcinoma

normal hilar structures project through a mass → mass is ant or post to hilum

when surperior border of a med mass is obscured at/below the clavicles, the mass is in the anterior mediastinum; if there is clear delineation of all borders of the mass above the clavicles, the mass lies posterior to the trachea.

Neurogenic tumor
extramedullary hematopoiesis
lymphoma

Clinical hx: hematuria and hemoptysis
Radiology findings: cavitary pulm nodules or nodules with ground glass halos
Clinical test: check a C-anca

Cryptogenic Organizing PNA
Lung ca
Pulmonary lymphoma
alveolar sarcoidois
lipoid PNA
alveolar proteinosis

GGO, reticular opacities and micronodules with subpleural sparing, mild traction bronchiectasis

Ground-glass centrilobular nodules & mosaic perfusion + air-trapping with mid-lower lung predominance

Honeycombing, traction bronchiectasis, and architectural distortion with mid and upper lung predominance

HRCT showing diffuse ground-glass opacities with lower lung predominance

Smoking related lung disease

Upper lobe predominant centrilobular nodules;
no evidence of fibrosis;
+ Air-trapping;
+ centrilobular emphysema

Smoking related lung disease

Nodules which may cavitate;
pt will likely have nodules within the airways;
HPV associated - often transmitted during birth inti the airway;
can affect larynx/trachea;
10% can degenerate to squamous cell ca.

Stage 0 - Normal xcr
Stage 1 - only LAD
Stage 2 - LAD and parenchymal dz
Stage 3 - only parenchymal dz
Stage 4 - pulmonary fibrosis

Gallium scan → lambda sign from hilar and paratracheal adenopathy
→ panda sign from nasopharynx, lacrimal and parotid uptake
→ “1.2.3 sign” - symmetric bilateral hilar and Right paratracheal LAD

upper lobe predominant perilymphatic nodules and septal thickening

GGO and (random) thin walled cysts;
lowe lobe predominant, centrilobular nodules
+/- mild LAD;
+/- thickened septa/bronchovascular bundles

associ with Sjogren, AIDS and castleman dz
F > M
can be tough to distinguish from PCP pna in AIDS patients

Ground glass with relative supleural sparing,
thin walled cysts
(upper lobe predominant)

AIDS defining illness