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151 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who are the Vandals?
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Arians
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Who are the Barbarians?
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Germanic people
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Visigoths?
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Germanic people who settle in Spain
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Franks?
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Germanic people who settled in France
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Where did the "angles" and "saxons" settle?
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romanized portion of great britain
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When was the last roman emperor deposited?
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476
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Why did feudalism begin?
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Chaos in and out of church, it gave order and rule, those with land were wealthy and became lords to offer protection
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Who was the forerunn of the mendicant orders?
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Peter Waldo (founder of Waldenism)- rejected and condemned by ecclesiastical authoritis
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What did Christian worship change their focus to in the middle ages?
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from celebrating resurrection to death, sin, repeentance, from communion celebration to funeral
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who were the driving forces behind 10th and 11th ce. moral reform of the church?
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Leo IX and Greg VII
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The theology of the High point of the middle ages was known as what?
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Scholasticism
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Who was the towering figure of the early western monasticism?
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st. benedict, the founder of mt. casino
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what is the evolution of the title "pope"?
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pope comes from the word Papa that means both endearment and respect and in earlier times it applied to any bishop who deserved particular respect.
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what group caused the 14th ce. european plague
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the jews
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Which pope stopped the advance of Attila the Hun "practically at the gates of Rome"?
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leo the great
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when did Mohammed being his religious career
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7th ce.
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which side of the church was most theologically active
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east
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who are the barbarians?
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germans beyond the Danube and the Rhine
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In 431 the 3rd ecumenical council of ephesus condemened what heresy?
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Nestorianism- claimed that Christ had two natures and two persons
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In 451 the 4th ecumerincal council of chalcedon condemned what heresy?
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monophysism- only divine Christ, no human part
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8.In 553 the fifth ecumenical council (Constantinople II) condemned the writings of three people associated with what heretical group?
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Nestorianism
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In 680-681 the sixth ecumenical council (Constantinople III) condemned what heresy?
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Monotholism
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8.In 787 the seventh ecumenical council (Nicea II) dealt with what issue?
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1.Icons and relics~ whether or not to use them… only worship god but can venerate icons
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8.According to González, which side of the Church was “more theologically active”?
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the east
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8.According to González, the Crusades had a number of different causes. What were the causes he lists?
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to recover land and holy sepulcher from infidel muslims, to pilgrimage to Palestine, to gain remission of suffering in purgatory, to have a better future and more land
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What did the nestorians believe
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1.They claimed that in Christ there are two natures and two persons, one divine and one human.
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What did the monophysites believe
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1.They believed in the doctrine that in Christ there is only a divine nature, for the human is absorbed into divinity.
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What group today are known as the “Jacobites”?
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1.Syriac Orthodox Church: Jacobite Syrian Christian Church, Indian Orthodox Church, Malabar Independent Syrian Church
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What caused a strong anti–papal sentiment in England, as well as among its allies?
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During the Hundred Years’ War between France and England, the papacy was dominated by French interests which led to a strong anti-papal sentiment in England as well as among its allies.
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Who came up with the “ontological argument” for the existence of God?
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Saint Anselm
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According to González, Innocent III called the Fourth Lateran Council (AD 1215), which promulgated the doctrine of transubstantiation. What other matters did the Fourth Lateran Council offer an “official” position (or declaration) on?
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Confession, Jews, Muslims, Waldensians, the Inquisition, etc.
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The AD 732 battle of Tours or Poitiers stopped the advance of what?
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the advance of islam
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during the Protestant Reformation, those who simply didn’t want to be bothered with the church or its ecclesiastical structure – which some saw as incapable of reformation – instead threw themselves into what alternative movement
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Monastics
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Thanks to the support of what group, the Papacy no longer needed the Byzantine Empire
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Franks
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According to González, the “Babylonian Captivity” of the church refers to what?
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It was during the time that the Popes were incapable of offering much resistance to the will of the kings of France. Popes became instruments of French Policy. Trials of Templars, members of a monastic orders were unjustly accused and punished. (pg 60-61)
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What was the name of the Cardinal that the Pope sent to Constantinople in order toexcommunicate the Eastern side of the Church, supposedly for their rejection of the filioque?
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Cardinal Humbert
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During which era of Church history (e.g., The Ancient Church, the Christian Empire, the Early Middle Ages, the High Point of the Middle Ages, the Late Middle Ages, etc.) did clerical celibacy become mandatory?
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The High Pont of the Middle Ages
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who are the “Franks” and what does he tell us about them?
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The main group that settled in Gaul, (which France is named after). They were pagans, but soon they were converted into Christians. Franks stopped the advance of Islam into Europe. Charlemagne was kind of the Frank
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a number of factors helped to bring to pass the “clear and rapid” decline of the Papacy. Know all the factors González mentions.
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1.It was found itself under the wing and control of France, to such a point that it moved from Rome to Avignon, at the ver borders of France (pg 60)
2.The great schism came, which had Two popes claiming the throne of St. Peter (pg61) 3.The conciliar, which was formed to dissolve the multiple papacy managed to vote on one pope, but the council eventually because divided into two sides. (pg 61) 4.There were several resomations movements led by John Wycliff, John Huss, Girolano Savonarola (pg 63) 5.Byzantine Empire succumbed to the Trukish advance |
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Which of the Ecumenical Councils debated (or sought to resolve) Christological issues within the church?
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7th
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During the eleventh century a conflict broke out between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV over what?
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investitures” - that is, who had the right to appoint and install other bishops and others prelates. (related to simony – the buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions… Gregory X-communicated the emperor over this and the emperor drove him out of rome
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beginning of the crusades at what year?
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1095
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Who proclaimed the first crusade, and who were the primary participants?
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Urban II - with its great preacher being Peter the Hermit… mainly consisted of peasants and other poverty stricken people… pg 52-53
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What provoked the calling of the second crusade?
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when the Turks took over the city Edessa… pg 53
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What provoked the launching of the third crusade?
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Launched in response to the news of the fall of Jerusalem
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What did the fifteenth century Council of Pisa attempt accomplish and actually cause?
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I tried to end the Schism between east and west. Declared that the two existing popes were disposed of, and named a Third…. Result was that there were now 3 popes. (The other two wouldn’t step down)
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fourth crusade is described by González as a “disaster” because of what?
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Instead of attacking Muslims, it took and sacked the Christian city of Constantinople (placed a Latin emperor in the city, causing more ill feelings between Latin and Greek Christians.)
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What country brought the writings of Aristotle to the attention of Christianity?
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Through Spain (and through Sicily)
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What events in Christian history somewhat inadvertently gave rise to the bourgeoisie?
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Bourgeoisie came about because of the Crusades, which lead to more trade between countries, and this allowed for more people to migrate, which allowed for less people in the country, and more in the city.
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Scholastic theology reached its high point in writings/teachings of two theologians. What were their names?
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Bonaventure (Franciscan) and Thomas Aquias (Domician) were two theologians that allowed for scholastic theology to reach a high point.
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Who were the Latin Averroists?
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those who accepted Aristotle’s philosophy even if it meant a person went beyond what was believed orthodox.
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During the High Point of the Middle Ages, who was the Pope that was the personification of prestige and power?
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Innocent III
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During the Late Middle Ages what became an obstacle to the unity of the Church?
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Nationalism and the Hundred Years War became an obstacle to the unity of the Church
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What Saint called for the Church to leave France and return to Rome?
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Saint Catherine of Siena called for the Church to leave France and return to Rome
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What did the pope of the renaissance want for their followers?
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wanted their followers to enjoy life and its beauty, and to turn Rome into the artistic and intellectual capital of the world (this lead to corruption—indulgences needed to reach goal). The Pope’s predecessors didn’t exalt the body—taught that body should be tormented and that arts should be done away in Rome.
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Ante-Nicene Fathers
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1st-3rd ce.
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Nicene Fathers
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4th-5th ce.
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Post Nicene Fathers
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6th-8th ce.
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Justin Martyr thought that God's children were formed after the appearance of what form?
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Pre-existent form
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The Tinitity is what?
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united in substance but distict in personhood
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Catholic believes that the Father, Son and Holy Spirit are what?
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Co-equal
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Catholics believe that the Holy Spririt prodeeds from who?
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The Father and the Son
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Eatern Orthodox believes that the Son and Holy Spirit are waht to the Father?
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Subordinate
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Eastern Orthodox believe that the Holy Spirit proceeds from who?
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the Father only
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Protestants believe that the Son and Holy Spirit are what to the father?
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co-equal
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Protestants believe the the Holy Spirit proceeds from who?
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the Father and the Son
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What did Arius believe?
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That God must be unique and above all (called the arian controversy)
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Nicene Creed sought to combat what?
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the Arian Heresy
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Substance refers to what?
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divine nature
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Person refers to what?
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individual roles or characteristics
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Augustine struggled with what?
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Immorality, pride, dishonesty, bragging, stealing, rejection of the bible and Christianity
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Who converted Augustine?
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Ambrose
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Manicheism is what and who wrote against it?
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It is that the physical creation is seen as even, but Augustine claimed it was God and that he was the creator.
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What is Donatism and who wrote against it?
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The claim that sacraments performed by unworthy are ineffectual- Augustine said it is of God not of Man
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What is Original Sin?
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basic yearning for self gratification tat makes people turn away from God
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What happened during hte spanish inquisition?
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Augustine tried to squelch the Donatists and their teachings
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What is the difference b/w scripture and canon?
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Scripture is religiously authoritative and canon is part of a definitive closed list of scripture
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Monk?
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sollitary
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Cenobitic
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Community
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Anchorite
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Withdrawn
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Hermit
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desert
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Ascetic
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exercise
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Who was the founder of western monasticism?
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Anthony of Egypt
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Who was the founder of Eastern Monasticism?
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Basil the Great
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St. Benedict's rule included:
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no talking, no tears or laughing, eyes on ground, own nothing, work-study-pray-work-sleep, limit foot
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What does crusade mean?
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taking the cross
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the people's crusade (1st crudade) was let by who?
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peter the hermid
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The 1st Crusade (2nd in book?) did what?
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recaptured jerusalem
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2nd Crusade (3rd in book?)
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Bernard Clairvaux, began the sales of indulgences, accomplished nothing
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3rd Crusade
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romanticized, Philip, richard and Frederick- saladin abstain from shedding blood, 3 year truce
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4th crusade
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pope innocent 3, constantinople on fire, second church starts because of it
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Children's crusade
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Nicholas, children follow him, many died
stephen had many following him and many taken into slavery instead |
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5th crusade
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Peter's Pence, attacked Egypt
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Sixth Crusade
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Frederick 2- stupid and self absorbed, king of jerusalem
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7th crusade
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Louis 9 whips himself and wants the tomb of Christ
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Kinghts Templar
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Hugh of Payens and 8 friends
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Kinghts Hospitaller
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Hospital in Jerusalem, protected pilgrims, wealthy, less strict
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Teutonic Knights
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Germans, Orthodox
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Templars become what in 1118-1121?
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Stonemasons
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What is scholasticism?
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Logic over Faith, provides a scientific way to examine the gospel,
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What is the school of biblical criticism?
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rational evidences within the bible
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when was the patristic era?
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1st-4th ce.
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when was the patristic era?
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1st-4th ce.
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Vladimir
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Helped christianity become accepted
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The East-West Schism
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Pope Leo wanted Michael and east to submit to Rome, michael excommunicated, but then michael excom. others in the "true church"- division of churches
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Anselm
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becomes archbishop of canterbury, monastic, wrote why did got become man, satisfaction theory, scholasticism
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Pope Urban II
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launched 1st crusade (children's crusade), failed at uniting churches,
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Bernard
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Founded Monastery at Clairvaux, monk, importence of self denial and piety, transform your life,
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Paris and Oxford Universities
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Philip II grants them status, hub for europe
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Peter Waldo
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founds Waldensians, devout life for all, 2x2 preachers
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Francis of Assisi
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rich, goes to prison, sick, questions his wealth, see leper and then works for the needy and helps others
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Fourth Lateran Council
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Inocent 3= greatest papacy during reign, all catholics must confess and have communion, transubstantioation,
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Thomas Aquinas
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works on summa theologica,
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Vladimir
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Helped christianity become accepted
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The East-West Schism
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Pope Leo wanted Michael and east to submit to Rome, michael excommunicated, but then michael excom. others in the "true church"- division of churches
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Anselm
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becomes archbishop of canterbury, monastic, wrote why did got become man, satisfaction theory, scholasticism
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Pope Urban II
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launched 1st crusade (children's crusade), failed at uniting churches,
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Bernard
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Founded Monastery at Clairvaux, monk, importence of self denial and piety, transform your life,
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Paris and Oxford Universities
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Philip II grants them status, hub for europe
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Peter Waldo
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founds Waldensians, devout life for all, 2x2 preachers
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Francis of Assisi
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rich, goes to prison, sick, questions his wealth, see leper and then works for the needy and helps others
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Fourth Lateran Council
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Inocent 3= greatest papacy during reign, all catholics must confess and have communion, transubstantioation,
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Thomas Aquinas
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works on summa theologica,
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Dante
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Wrote Divine Comedy
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Catherine of Siena
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helps heal great schism, supports roman pope
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Wycliff
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Oxford, Lollard followers, wanted everyone to understand scriptures, wrote first english bible, morning star of reformation
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John Huss
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worldliness offended him, condemned, and martyred
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Gutenberg
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printing press,
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Spanish Inquisition
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Lucius 3 wants all people to be christian...
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Savonarola
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monk who preached against pope's sexual activity
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Michaelangelo
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sistine chapel
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Martin Luther
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95 thesis, monk, protested against indulgences
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Zwingli
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leads swiss reformation, priest, ppreached from bible, spiritual recpetion of christ's body is the eucharist
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Anabaptist movement
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group under Zwingli, repaptism because they didn't like infant baptism, lower class, like the scriptures, "disruption"
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Henry 7
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divorced, act of supremacy saying that king is the head of church of england, english bible
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John Calvin
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Published insitutes of the Christian Religion and Institutes, wanted geneva to be the kingdom of god, joyless christianity
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Council of Trent
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Clergy was worldly, council to exoit them, 7 sacraments, mass in latin, separated catholics from protestants even more
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Crnmer
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Book of common prayer
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John Knox
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lead reform in scotland, wrote book of discipline and book of common order,
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St. Barth. day massacre
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massacre of protestants in france by Catherine
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John Smyth
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doesn't like infant baptism, goes with mennoites
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Mayflower Compact
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puritans and king james 1 don't get along and puritans go to america
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comenius
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leaves spain, makes schools, father of education and ecumenicist
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Westminster Confession of Faith
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cromwell creates assembly and discuss beliefs
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George Fox
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Founds Society of Friends (quakers), no clergy, inner light
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Rembrandt
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painter of the prodigal son
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Philip Jacob Spencer
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combined academics with personal experience, understand scriptures, responsibilty, avoid conflict, devotion
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John Bunyan
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The Pilgram's Progress,, vanity fair, house beautiful
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Johann Bach
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Lutheran, made cantas for the church
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Handel
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secular operas and then the Messiah
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Isaac Watts
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Baptist pastor, wrote hymns and songs like joy to the worlds
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