Clin Med III- Cox Ch. 6

_ means difficulty in swallowing.

-dyspepsia
-dysphagia
-vomiting

what are the 2 major types of dysphaghia?

All of the following except what are mechanical causes of dysphagia?

-stricture
-carcinoma
-achalasia
-brown/kelly paterson/plummer syndrome

All of the following except what are neurological causes of dysphagia?

-stroke
-motor neurone disease
-MS
-Stricture
-Parkinson's disease
-achalasia

you should exclude what problems before labeling a pt as having dysphagia?

_ causes of dysphagia usually lead to progressive problems with solids greater than liquids.

-mechanical
-neurological

dysphagia may lead to _.

_ causes of dysphagia usually lead to problems with liquids greater than solids.

-mechanical
-neurological

All of the following are GI causes of vomiting except which?

-pancreatitis
-peptic ulcer
-cholecystitis
-sepsis
-bowel obstruction

__ that affects anxious people who c/o that they have a lump in their throat usually at the level of the larynx.

-esophagitis
-globus hystericus
-dysphagia
-dyspepsia

how can you tell if a pt vomited up or refluxed up their gastric contents?

any pt with low blood pressure who looks clammy and unwell should initially trigger three important groups of causes in your mind, all except?

-cardiac
-septic
-pneumonia
-hemorrhage

_ is the vomiting of blood.

-hematochezia
-melena
-hematoemesis

Name 4 causes of esophageal bleeding.

Name 4 causes of stomach bleeding.

Name 2 causes of duodenal bleeding.

_ is the fecal output from the anus follwoing a bleed from the upper GI tract. The stools look black and tarry and can occur because of bleeding anywhere from the esophagus down to the right side of the colon.

-hematemesis
-melena
-hematochezia

bright red or coffee ground emesis is termed _?

If a pt. reports repeated retching or vomiting before blood appears may suggest __.

what does bismuth do to stool?

Melena is due to bleeding in the _ or the _.

With bleeding per rectum, if the patient has a painless bowel movement, what should you be thinking about?

A pt. c/o blood in the stool, but also c/o painful bowel movements, what should you be thinking about?

the focal point of bilirubin metabolism is?

-liver
-gall bladder
-common bile duct
-hepatic duct

Bilirubin is the breakdown product of _ and is modified in the _ before being excreted in the _.

Painless, progressive jaundice is supposed to be the hallmark of __?

bilirubin deposited in the skin can cause ?

The triad of jaundice, pain, and fever is aka?

_ causes means those agents that damage the liver cells, interfering with their functions.

-pre hepatic
-hepatic
-cholestatic
-post hepatic

_ causes of jaundice are those that obstruct the normal flow of bile into the small intestine.

-pre hepatic
-hepatic
-cholestatic
-post hepatic

A stone in the common bile duct would be a _ cause of jaundice.

-intrahepatic
-extrahepatic
-hepatic

dull pain in the epigastrium and right hypochondriac region should make you think about?

sweating and rigors may suggest __ a condition where infection occurs in the bile ducts and ascends up the biliary tree.

-cholecystitis
-ascending cholecystitis
-hepatitis

A sewer worker has a tendency to contract _ which can cause jaundice.

-hepatitis B
-hepatitis c
-leptospirosis
-hydatid disease

mucus in the diarrhea can indicate what condition?

loose, pale, and floating stools are called?

pt's with constipation can present with diarrhea, fecal soiling of underwear, or fecal incontinence is called?

-diarrhea
-spurious diarrhea
-explosive diarrhea

steatorrhea suggests _ malabsorption.

-fat
-carbohydrate
-protein

what is the MC cause of chronic liver disease?

-hepatitis
-alcohol
-chf
-portal hypertension

chronic liver disease is liver disease that has lasted longer than _ months.

-3
-6
-9
-12

_ is white nails, caused by cirrhosis of the liver and nephrotic syndrome, it is a marker for low albumin.

koilonychia
leuconychia
spider nevi
palmer erythema

_ is a spoon shaped depression of the nail plate.

koilonychia
leuconychia
spider nevi
palmer erythema

__ means bleeding d/t low platelet count of unknown cause.

-ITP
-TTP
-hemolysis
-coumadin overdose

__ is associated with carbon dioxide retention in respiratory failure, but is sometimes called a liver flap.

_ are telangietasia and should blance with pressure.

-purpura
-spider nevi

__ usually starts with thinkening of the palmar aponeurosis around the ring finger, which eventually leads to the ring finger curling in towards the palm.

-koilonychia
dupuytren's contracture
flapping tremor

A __ is a marker of liver failure.

-xanthelsma
-flapping tremor
-anemia
-spider nevi