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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does each box on an EKG represent?
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0.4 seconds
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what 3 leads point to the bottom of the heart?
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II, III, AVF
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what 2 leads point to the left side of the heart?
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I, AVL
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what is the SA lead?
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AVR
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what leads do you have to look at in order to look at the anterior wall?
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the v leads
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what does each box on an EKG represent?
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0.4 seconds
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what 3 leads point to the bottom of the heart?
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II, III, AVF
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what 2 leads point to the left side of the heart?
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I, AVL
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what is the SA lead?
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AVR
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what leads do you have to look at in order to look at the anterior wall?
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the v leads
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what does the PR interval represent?
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AV node conduction
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how is the PR interval measured?
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beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS
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what is the ST segment indicative of?
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ischemia or acute injury
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what is the approach to EKG? (5)
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rate
rhythm axis intervals diagnosis |
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where do junctional rhtyhms originate?
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AVE node
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what is a normal junctional rate?
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<60
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what will junctional rhythms not have?
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P wave
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what will be narrow during junctional rhythms?
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QRS
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what are 3 requirements of reentry?
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circuit circling
unidirectional block specific speed of conduction |
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what will the atrial rate be in atrial flutter?
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250-350
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what is the penultimate example of reentry?
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atrial fibrillation
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what will be missing in a fib?
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P wave
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what will be irregular in a fib?
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QRS
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what will be the atrial rate in a fib?
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>350
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what will be the rate for idioventricular rhythm?
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20-40
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what will be the rate for v-tach?
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100-250
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what will be the rate for v-flutter?
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250-350
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what will be the rate for v-fib?
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>350
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what is a polymorphic ventricular tachy associated with a prolonged QT?
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Torsades de pointes
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what will not respond to typical therapy of v-tach?
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Tosades de pointes
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what will not represent an irregular rhythm?
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pre-ventricular contractions
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how can you tell that PVCs come from the ventricle?
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they are wider and bigger
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what indicated that the sinus node is no longer controlling the heart because impulses are coming from different spots in the atrium?
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multifocal atrial tachy
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what rhythm is slow enough that each firing can get through the AV node and capture a QRS?
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multifocal atrial tachy
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why will each p wave look different in multifocal atrial tachy?
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because they are coming from a different spot each time
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what part of the AV node will produce the greatest delay?
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the top
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what will happen if the AV node becomes sick?
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conduction will become even slower
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what will the PR interval be in 1st degree AV block?
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> 0.2
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what type of block is defined by a longer time to get through the AV node but every beat still gets through?
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first degree
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in what type of block does the cap bceome seriously sick and the conduction becomes so slow that periodically some beats will not make it through?
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second degree
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in what type of AV block will you have some p waves not followed by a QRS
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second degree
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what is Mobitz type I AV block?
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the heart becomes slower and slower that the AV node becomes so fatigued it needs to take a break
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what will the EKG look like with mobitz type I av block?
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PR intervals get longer and longer until you have a P wave with no QRS
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what is mobitz type II AV block?
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conducs with a fixed ratio
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how can you differentiate mobitz I from II on ekg?
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In type II, the PR interval will not change like it does in type I
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what will 2:1 heart block look like on EKG?
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2 Ps without a QRS
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what is 3rd degree av block?
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AV node is so sick that no conduction can get through the av node
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what is axis?
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the direction of depolarization
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what will happen if the deflection is going towrads the lead that is listeing for that vector?
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the deflection will be positive
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what will happen if the deflection is perpendicular to the axis of the listening lead?
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there will be equal amount above and below the line
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what lead goes to the L knee?
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II
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what lead goes to the R knee?
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III
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how can you determine the axis?
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find out what quadrant you're in
determine which lead had the largest delfection within that quadrant axis will be closest to the largest lead |
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what are T wave primary changes due to?
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abnormality in repolarization
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what does a symmetric t wave inversion indicated?
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ischemia
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what are t wave secondary changes due to ?
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abnormality in depolarization that causes an abnormality in repolarization
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how can LVH, RVH, LBBB, RBBB, WPW, and PVC be presented on ekg?
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t wave inversion that is assymmetrical
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why are intervals important?
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because definitive abnormalities cause prolongations at each interval
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what should be less than 0.12?
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P wave
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what is R atrial dilation expressed as?
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a higher P wave by at least 2 boxes
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what is the only interval with a minimum?
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PR interval
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why does the PR interval need a minimum?
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because the purpose of the AV node is to delay the signal from the SA node, so if it is smaller than 0.12, it indicated that AV node is being bypassed
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what is the primary criteria for the diagnosis of bundle branch block?
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If QRS >0.12
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if QRS < 0.36 what does it indicate?
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hypercalcemia
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if QRS is > 0.45 what does it indicate?
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torsades de pointes
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if a PVC lands on a t wave, what can it result in?
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ventricular tachycardia
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what do wider and deeper Q waves indicate?
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scar tissue
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when is it considered an abnormal q wave?
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if you do not have an R wave by V2, 3, or 4
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when will an elevation of ST lead to infarction?
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if it lasts more than 6 hours
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