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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What kind of tumor is pictured? What are these types of cells called?
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Retinoblastoma
Flexner-Wintersteiner Rosettes |
What kind of tumor is shown? What is depicted?
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• Retinoblastoma
• Ki67-immunostain showing a high proliferative index |
What type of tumor is pictured? What characteristic is depicted?
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Astrocytoma
• with Intermediate Filaments that contain glial fibrillary acid protein. |
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• AD inheritance
• Mutations on 17q • What does 17q encode? |
• Von Recklinghousen Neurofibramatosis (VNRF) or Neurofibramatosis Type I (NF-1)
• Chromosome 17q encodes neurofibromin, a tumor suppressor |
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• AD inheritance
• Results in bilateral acoustic & spinal schwannomas |
• Bilateral Acoustic Neurofibramatosis (BANF) or Neurofibramatosis Type II (NF-2)
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• AD inheritance
• Characteristics: mental retardation, seizures, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, cortical hamartomas (tubers) of the CNS, tumors & hamartomas of other organs • Mutations on 9q & 16p (which encode?) |
• Tuberous Sclerosis
• TS1 on 9q encodes: hamartin • TS2 on 16p encodes Tuberin • Tuberin is a tumor suppressor |
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• AD inheritance
• Associated with: hemangioblastomas of the retina & cerebellum, cysts of the liver & pancreas, pheochromocytomas, kidney tumors, pancreatic tumors • Associated w/ what mutation/gene product? • What does this gene product do? |
• Von Hipple Lindau disease
• Linked to VHL a tumor suppressor gene on 3p • pVHL blocks elongation during mRNA transcription • pVHL inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) |
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• Genetic tumor
• TP53 mutation |
Low grade & anaplastic astrocytoma
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• Genetic tumor
• Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) 10q • EGFR amplification • P16INK4a mutation • TP53 mutation • PTEN mutation |
Glioblastoma
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• Genetic tumor
• Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) 17p |
Medulloblastoma
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• Genetic tumor
• Loss of 22q |
Atypical Teratoid-rhabdoid tumor OR Meningioma
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• Genetic tumor
• Loss of 22q and mutations of the NF2 gene |
Schwannoma
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What are the best known tumor suppressor genes? What do they do?
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• RB (retinoblastoma gene) on 13q14 (regulates G1/S phase in the cell cycle)
• p53 gene on 17p (induces apoptosis through regulating bcl2 and bax) |
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What gene regulates the G1/S phase in the cell cycle? What chromosome is it on?
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RB (retinoblastoma gene) on 13q14.
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What gene regulates apoptosis through regulating bcl1 and bax? What chromosome is it on?
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p53 on 17p
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What two types of tumors occur predominantly in children?
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Cerebellar medullablastoma & adrenal neuroblastoma
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A pilocytic astrocytoma w/ benign cytological features is a grade ___ astrocytoma?
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Grade I astrocytoma
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An astrocytoma with moderate cellularity, no anaplasia or mitotic activity is a grade ___ ?
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Grade 2 astrocytoma
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An astrocytoma with increased cellularity, nuclear atypia, and mitoses is grade ___?
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Grade 3 astrocytoma
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An astrocytoma with increased cellularity, nuclear atypia, mitoses, vascular endothelial proliferation and necrosis is grade ___?
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Grade 4 astrocytoma
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What astrocytomas most commonly affect children? What part of the brain do they tend to affect? What is a unique characteristic?
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• Pilocytic astrocytoma
• Tend to appear in the cerebellum • Have cystic mural enhancement |
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What type of tumors account for 80% of adult 1º brain tumors? Usually occur in the 4th-6th decades and occur in the cerebral hemispheres?
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Fibrillary astrocytomas
Symptoms depend on location, survival depends on differentiation. |
