Cognitive Psychology Perception/Attention/Brain Flash Cards

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Title: Cognitive Psychology Perception/Attention/Brain
Description: For cognitive psychology test
Number of Cards: 30
Save Count: 0
Author: laurita1311
Created: 2010-02-17
Tags: attention brain perception psychology
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • What are the major cognitive components of psychology (8)?
    • Perceptual processing, attention, knowledge representation, long-term memory, working memory, decision making, reasoning and problem solving, language
    • Where are the "what" and "where" pathways?
    • What - down temporal lobe
      Where - down parietal lobe
    • What is an fMRI and what are its strengths and weaknesses?
    • Something injected in blood, large magnet over brain measures blood flow to different areas. Strength: has good spatial resolution, noninvasive. Weaknesses: expensive, indirect measure of neuron firing
    • What is an ERP and what are its strengths and weaknesses?
    • Measured electrial activity based on an EEG. Strengths: normal brain activity is not registered, excellent temporal reolution, noninvasive, cheaper. Weakenesses: disrupted by slight movements, poor spatial resolution
    • What is Korsakoff's syndrome?
    • Impaired memory for events and facts due to a vitamin deficiency caused by chronic alcoholism
    • What is the difference between process and neural network models?
    • Neural network models rely on sets of interconnected units and can have parallel things going. A process model relies on more simple inputs and outputs.
    • Lobes?
    • Occipital - visual input
      Temporal - hearing visual memories
      Parietal - representing space, consciousness, attention
      Frontal lobe - producing speech
    • Where is V1 and what does it do?
    • V1 or cortical cells are located in the occipital lobe. Some cells fire in response to vertical lines and some cells fire in response to diagonal lines.
    • What are the two major sulci?
    • Central sulcus - separates the parietal and frontal lobe
      Lateral sulcus - Divides the parietal/frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
    • How does information travel from visual fields to retina to hemisphere?
    • Left visual field travels to right half of eyes to right hemisphere and visa versa.

      Visual field to retina to bipolar cells to ganglion cells to optic nerve to occipital lobe
    • What are the four Gestalt principles?
    • Proximity
      Similarity
      Continuity
      Closure
    • What are cues to depth? (ex: texture gradient)
    • Linear perspective
      Texture gradient
      Relative size
      Interposition - items blocking each other are closer
      Shadows
      Binocular disparity - different image in each eye
      Convergence - eyes angle in and out for different distances
    • What is the difference between apperceptive agnosia, associative agnosia and naming defecit?
    • Apperceptive agnosia - can't use bottom-up stimuli, can't put together parts to see a whole
      Associative agnosia - Cannot connect stimuli through pattern recognition - no connection to previous knowlege
      Naming defecit - Cannot use representation from top-down stimulus - see and describe it but can't name it
    • Murray, Boyaci & Kersten (2006) on impact of cues on representation
    • Brain imaing of primary visual cortex - see balls as the same size in checked ball illusion
    • Kohler 1993
    • What vs. where
    • Dr. P - What were his symptoms?
    • Neglects left field, cannot process faces but can process individual features, could describe objects but not necessarily see whole
    • A.H. - What were his symptoms?
    • Optic ataxia - flipping of letters, knew how far something was but not which it was on, fine with locations for everything but visual, reach for objects better if moving
    • 4 types of models for pattern recognition
    • 1. Template
      2. Feature
      3. Geon
      4. Configural
    • 2 Models for feature models (on comp)
    • 1. Pandemonium
      2. Inactive Activation
    • What is prosopagnosia?
    • Inability to recognize unique faces
    • Evidence for features with studies?
    • Easier to find a Z in a sea of circular shapes
    • Word superiority effect
    • Easier to remember letters inside a word than on their own. Top-down effects make THE CAT.
    • Johnson and Heinz on resource flexibility
    • If you have to process unattended information higher, then you will be slower to respond to flashing light stimulus because more of your resources are already being used.
    • What is the spatial cuing technique for studying attention?
    • Cross with neutral/valid/invalid help. Shows covert attention can help or hurt depending on the accuracy of the info.
    • Endogenous vs. Exogenous
    • Endogenous - goal-directed attention to stimulus
      Exogenous - attention drawn by a stimulus that grabs attention
    • Balint's syndrome?
    • Simultagnosia - the inability to process more than one stimulus at a time
    • What role do the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum play in attention?
    • Frontal lobe - controlling attention
      Parietal lobe - allocating resources
      Cerebellum - general arousal
    • O'Craven et al. on object attention
    • Face vs. House vs. Motion
    • Visual search ZAPS lab
    • Green circle and Orange squares.
      Single-feature search vs. Conjunctive search
    • Behrman and Tipper on object-based neglect
    • Barbell study