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awk/nawk [options] file |
scan for patterns in a file and process the results |
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cat [options] file |
concatenate (list) a file |
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cd [directory] |
change directory |
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chgrp [options] group file |
change the group of the file |
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chmod [options] file |
change file or directory access permissions |
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chown [options] owner file |
change the ownership of a file; can only be done by the superuser |
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cut (options) [file(s)] |
cut specified field(s)/character(s) from lines in file(s) |
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date [options] |
report the current date and time |
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dd [if=infile] [of=outfile] [operand=value] |
copy a file, converting between ASCII and EBCDIC or swapping byte order, as specified |
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diff [options] file1 file2 |
compare the two files and display the differences (text files only) |
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df [options] [resource] |
report the summary of disk blocks and inodes free and in use |
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du [options] [directory or file] |
report amount of disk space in use |
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echo [text string] |
echo the text string to stdout |
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ed or ex [options] file |
Unix line editors |
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emacs [options] file |
full-screen editor |
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expr arguments |
evaluate the arguments. Used to do arithmetic, etc. in the shell. |
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file [options] file |
classify the file type |
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find directory [options] [actions] |
find files matching a type or pattern |
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finger [options] user[@hostname] |
report information about users on local and remote machines |
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ftp [options] host |
transfer file(s) using file transfer protocol |
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gzip [options] file, gunzip [options] file, zcat [options] file |
compress or uncompress a file. Compressed files are stored with a .gz ending |
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head [-number] file |
display the first 10 (or number of) lines of a file |
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hostname |
display or set (super-user only) the name of the current machine |
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kill [options] [-SIGNAL] [pid#] [%job] |
send a signal to the process with the process id number (pid#) or job control number (%n). The default signal is to kill the process. |
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ln [options] source_file target |
link the source_file to the target |
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lpq [options], lpstat [options] |
show the status of print jobs |
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lpr [options] file, lp [options] file |
print to defined printer |
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lprm [options], cancel [options] |
remove a print job from the print queue |
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ls [options] [directory or file] |
list directory contents or file permissions |
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mail [options] [user], mailx [options] [user], Mail [options] [user] |
simple email utility available on Unix systems. Type a period as the first character on a new line to send message out, question mark for help. |
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man [options] command |
show the manual (man) page for a command |
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mkdir [options] directory |
make a directory |
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more [options] file, less [options] file, pg [options] file |
page through a text file |
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mv [options] file1 file2 |
move file1 into file2 |
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od [options] file |
octal dump a binary file, in octal, ASCII, hex, decimal, or character mode. |
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passwd [options] |
set or change your password |
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paste [options] file |
paste field(s) onto the lines in file |
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pr [options] file |
filter the file and print it on the terminal |
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ps [options] |
show status of active processes |
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pwd |
print working (current) directory |
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rcp [options] hostname |
remotely copy files from this machine to another machine |
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rlogin [options] hostname |
login remotely to another machine |
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rm [options] file |
remove (delete) a file or directory (-r recursively deletes the directory and its contents) (-i prompts before removing files) |
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rmdir [options] directory |
remove a directory |
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rsh [options] hostname |
remote shell to run on another machine |
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script file |
saves everything that appears on the screen to file until exit is executed |
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sed [options] file |
stream editor for editing files from a script or from the command line |
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sort [options] file |
sort the lines of the file according to the options chosen |
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source file |
read commands from the file and execute them in the current shell. source: C shell, .: Bourne shell. |
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strings [options] file |
report any sequence of 4 or more printable characters ending in <NL> or <NULL>. Usually used to search binary files for ASCII strings. |
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stty [options] |
set or display terminal control options |
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tail [options] file |
display the last few lines (or parts) of a file |
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tar key[options] [file(s)] |
tape archiver--refer to man pages for details on creating, listing, and retrieving from archive files. Tar files can be stored on tape or disk. |
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tee [options] file |
copy stdout to one or more files |
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telnet [host [port]] |
communicate with another host using telnet protocol |
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touch [options] [date] file |
create an empty file, or update the access time of an existing file |
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tr [options] string1 string2 |
translate the characters in string1 from stdin into those in string2 in stdout |
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uncompress file.Z |
uncompress file.Z and save it as a file |
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uniq [options] file |
remove repeated lines in a file |
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uudecode [file] |
decode a uuencoded file, recreating the original file |
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uuencode [file] new_name |
encode binary file to 7-bit ASCII, useful when sending via email, to be decoded as new_name at destination |
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vi [options] file |
visual, full-screen editor |
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wc [options] [file(s)] |
display word (or character or line) count for file(s) |
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whereis [options] command |
report the binary, source, and man page locations for the command named |
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which command |
reports the path to the command or the shell alias in use |
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who or w |
report who is logged in and what processes are running |
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zcat file.Z |
concatenate (list) uncompressed file to screen, leaving file compressed on disk |
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cp [options] file1 file2 |
copy file1 into file2; file2 shouldn't already exist. This command creates or overwrites file2. |
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chsh (passwd -e/-s) username login_shell |
change the user's login shell (often only by the superuser) |
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grep [options] 'search string' argument
egrep [options] 'search string' argument
fgrep [options] 'search string' argument |
search the argument (in this case probably a file) for all occurrences of the search string, and list them. |
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